CHEM 35 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Ylide, Elimination Reaction, Phosphonium
20 Aug 2016
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16. 6, 16. 7, 16. 9, 16. 11, 16. 17: reactionsof carbonyl compounds: simple reversile additions, carbonyl = either electrophiles or nucleophiles depending on reagents, ketone/aldehyde to hydrate b. i. Hydrate = gem-diol = 2 oh groups on same c b. ii. Addition = water is nucleophile to electrophilic c b. v. deprotonated by water c. In acid (accelerated: make nucleophile stronger/more reactive e. i. Strong bases don"t work for adding to alkenes, but: equilibrium in addition reactions can attack carbonyl groups, the more methyl groups, the less likely to form hydride a. i. In basic solution: cyclic hemiacetals are more stable than open chain versions, acetal formation in acid, equilibrium f. i. f. ii. If or oxygen is protonated = goes back to ketone/aldehyde. If oh oxygen is protonated = creates acetal: acetal formation, overal reaction, protecting groups in synthesis, acetals as protecting groups for aldehydes/ketones a. i. Excess water =more carbonyl compound: protecting oh groups b. i. One way = convert oh to thp ether b. i. 1.
