BCM 475 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: X-Ray Crystallography, Atp Hydrolysis, Enzyme Kinetics
Document Summary
Enzymes are special because of their catalytic power and specificity. Proteins are highly effective catalysts for a wide variety of chemical reactions because of their capcity to specifically bind a wide range of molecules. Catalyze reactions by stabilizing transition states: ex. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyzes co2 hydration 107 times faster. Specificity of an enzyme is due to precise interaction of substrate with the enzyme result of 3d structure of enzyme. Ex: thrombin, trypsin catalyzes hydrolysis of certain peptide sequences only. Small molecules that play a role in enzyme catalytic activity. Able to execute chemical rxns that cannot be performed by the 20 aminos: metals, coenzymes (small organic molecules, prosthetic groups - tightly bound remain bound for life of the protein, cosubstrates - loosely bound. Apoenzyme + cofactor = holoenzyme apoenzyme = enzyme without cofactor holoenzyme = catalytically active enzyme. Enzymes transform energy | they play vital roles in energy transformation. Atp hydrolysis into gradient of ca2+ across membrane.
