BCM 475 Chapter Notes - Chapter 27: Gastrointestinal Tract, Bile Acid, Signal Transduction
Document Summary
Energy consumption can be considered in terms of energy consumed = energy expended + energy stored. Short-term signals active during a meal and long-term signals that report on energy status of body: gastrointestinal tract, beta cells (pancreas), fat cells, target = arcuate nucleus, brain. Obesity | bmi of more than 30 kgm-2. Excess fat stored as tags (adipocytes: # of adipocytes is fixed in adults (can engorge in size) Risk factor for pathological disorders: diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease. Excess consumption = excess fat stores (amino acids, carbs all become fat fat) High [leptin] and functioning leptin but, brain fails to recognize/respond to anorexigenic effects of it (leptin resistance) Best: low-carb, high protein (or don"t eat lol) Protein require more energy to digest (increased energy use weight loss) Secreted into blood by duodenum/jejunum regions of small intestine (postprandial satiation signal) Satiation - short-term signals | relay feelings of satiety to brain, reduce urge to eat.
