BIO 121 Chapter 12: BIO Chp12.docx
Document Summary
The genetic material (dna) of a cell- its genome- is partitioned among chromosomes. Each eukaryotic chromosome consists of one dna molecule associated with many proteins that maintain chromosome structure and help control the activity of genes. The chromatin of a chromosome exists in different states of condensation at different times. In animals, gametes have on set of chromosomes and somatic cells have two sets: cells replicate their genetic material before they divide, ensuring that each daughter cell can receive a copy of the dna. When this cohesion is broken, the chromatids separate during cell division, becoming the chromosomes of the new daughter cells. Eukaryotic cell division of mitosis (division of the nucleus) and cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm). Transposons- moveable dna sequences: discovered by barbra mcclintok, jump into the middle of a gene, retrotransposons0 replicat by forming rna intermediate. Reverse transcriptase converts to original dna sequence before jumping into gene.
