IST Chapter 10

Chapter 10 • Sending device: initiates an instruction to transmit data, instructions, information • Communications device: connects the sending device to a communications channel • Communications channel/transmission media: data, instructions or information travel • Receiving device: accepts the transmission of data, instructions, or information • Network: collection of computers +devices connected together via communications devices and transmission media • Facilitate communications: using a network, people communicate efficiently, and easily via email, IM, chat rooms • Share hardware: each computer/device on network be provided access to hardware on the network • Share data and information: any authorized user can access data +information stored on a network • Share software: users connected to a network have access to software on the network • Network license: legal agreement that allows multiple users to access the software on a server simultaneously. • Electronic funds transfer: allows users connected to a network to exchange money from one account to another via transmission media. • Value add network: third party business that provides networking services, EDI services, secure data +information transfer, storage, email. • Intranet: internal network that uses Internet technologies. • Extranet: allows customers or suppliers to access part of its intranet. • LAN: local area network, network that connects computers/devices in a limited geographical area. • Node: each computer or device on the network, shares resources. • Wireless LAN: LAN that uses no physical wires. • MAN: metropolitan area network, high speed network that connects local area networks in a metropolitan area, and handles the bulk of communications activity across that region. • WAN: wide area network, network that covers a large geographic area using a variety of wired/wireless transmission media. • PAN: personal area network, network that connects computers +devices in an individual’s workspace using wired/wireless technology • Body area network (BAN): uses low powered sensors to collect data. • Network architecture: client/server or peer to peer. • Client/server network: one or more computers act as a server, and the other computers on the network request services from the server. • Server/host computer: controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on the network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information • Clients: other computers and mobile devices on the network that rely on server for its resources. • Peer to peer network: simple, inexpensive network that typically connects fewer than 10 computers • File sharing network: P2P file sharing, describes an Internet network on which users access each other’s hard drives and exchanges files directly over the Internet via a file sharing program • Network topology: refers to the layout of the computers and devices in a communications network. (star, bus, ring) • Star network: all of the computers +devices on the network connect to a central device, form star. • Bus network: consists of a single central cable, which all computers and other devices connect. • Network standard: defines guidelines that specify the way computers access the medium to which they are connected, the type of medium used, the speeds used on different types of networks, and the types of physical cable and/or the wireless technology used. • Ethernet: network standard that specifies no central computer/device on the network should control when data can be transmitted. • Token ring: specifies that computers and devices on the network share or pass a special signal. • TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, network protocol that defines how messages are routed from one end of a network to the other, ensuring the data arrives correctly. • Packets: rules for dividing messages into small pieces • Packet switching: reassembling the data. • Wi Fi: wireless fidelity, identifies any network based on 802.11 standards. Wireless Ethernet, uses techniques similar to Ethernet standard to specify how physically to configure a wireless network. • Bluetooth: network protocol define how two Bluetooth devices use short range radio waves transmit data. • UWB: ultra wideband, network standard that specifies how two UWB devices use short range radio waves to communicate at high speeds with each other. • IrDA: Infrared Data Association, standard transmit data wireless each other via infrared light wave • Line of sight transmission: sending device and the receiving device must be in line with each other so that nothing obstructs the path of the infrared light wave. • RFID: radio frequency identification, protocol that defines how a network use radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object, animal, person. • Tag: transponder, consists of an antenna and a memory chip that contains the information to be transmitted via radio waves. • NFC: near field communications, protocol, based on RFID, that defines how a network uses close-range radio signals to communicate between two devices/objects equipped with NFC technology. • WiMAX: 802.16, network standard developed by IEEE that specifies how wireless de