PSY 121 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Drug Abuse Resistance Education, Experiment, Causal Inference

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Single-case experimental designs have traditionally been called single-subject designs; both terms are currently used and are equivalent. Much of the early interest in single-case designs in psychology came from research on operant conditioning pioneered by b. f. skinner. Today, research using single-case designs if often seen in clinical, counseling, educational, and other applied settings. Single-case experiments were developed from a need to determine whether an experimental manipulation had an effect on a single research participant. In a single-case design, the subject"s behavior is measured over time during baseline control period. The manipulation is then introduced during a treatment period, and the subject"s behavior continues to be observed. A change in the subject"s behavior from baseline to treatment periods is evidence for the effectiveness of the manipulation. The problem, however, is that there could be many explanations for the change other than the experimental treatment (i. e. , alternative explanations) One method is to demonstrate the reversibility of the manipulation.

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