BIOL 2112 Chapter Notes - Chapter 22: Nasal Cavity, Fetus, Respiratory Pigment

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1.Describe the three main phases of gas exchange in a human.
Breathing (Cellular respiration)- taking in O2 and disposing of CO2
Transport of gases- use of circulatory system to transport O2 and CO2 O2 attaches to
hemoglobin in RBC
Exchange with body cells- cells take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide
2.Describe four types of respiratory surfaces and the kinds of animals that use them.
Gills- in aquatic animals
Tracheal systems- in insects
lungs- in terrestrial vertebrates
Entire Skin-earthworm
3.Explain how the amount of oxygen available in air compares to that available in cold and
warm fresh water and cold and warm salt water.
Water holds only about 3% of the oxygen in air.
Cold water holds more oxygen than warm water.
Fresh water holds more oxygen than salt water.
4.Explain how the structure of fish gills maximizes oxygen exchange.
Gills maximize oxygen exchange by increase surface area for gas exchange; oxygen is
absorbed from water. They use ventilation to increase the flow of the surrounding water or air
over the respiratory surface. Is constantly wet.
5.Explain why breathing air is easier than using water for gas exchange.
Air contains a much higher concentration of O2, and air is much lighter and easier to
move than water. Land animals expend less energy than an aquatic animal ventilating.
6.Describe the tracheal system of insects.
Insects have internal tubes and use no assistance from circulatory system. Open to the
outside, gas is exchanged by diffusion across the epithelium. Use cellular respiration.
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Document Summary

1. describe the three main phases of gas exchange in a human. Breathing (cellular respiration)- taking in o2 and disposing of co2. Transport of gases- use of circulatory system to transport o2 and co2 o2 attaches to hemoglobin in rbc. Exchange with body cells- cells take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. 2. describe four types of respiratory surfaces and the kinds of animals that use them. Tracheal systems- in insects lungs- in terrestrial vertebrates. 3. explain how the amount of oxygen available in air compares to that available in cold and warm fresh water and cold and warm salt water. Water holds only about 3% of the oxygen in air. Cold water holds more oxygen than warm water. Fresh water holds more oxygen than salt water. 4. explain how the structure of fish gills maximizes oxygen exchange. Gills maximize oxygen exchange by increase surface area for gas exchange; oxygen is absorbed from water.

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