CRMJ 201 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Cesare Beccaria, Jeremy Bentham, Age Of Enlightenment
11 Dec 2017
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Biological positivism: cesare lombroso & the born criminal. Inspired by darwin & phrenology & physiognomy (facial features) Is known for publishing the criminal man (1876), the 1st book devoted solely to the causes of criminality. Enrico ferri and social defense: believed that criminals were characterized by: Low intelligence: (cid:862)social defense(cid:863) theory of punishment that asserts that its purpose is to defend society from criminal predation. Deterrence and choice: pain versus gain: behaviorism (operant psychology): behavior is governed by its consequences. Followed by something rewarding, behavior repeats: deterrence is the prevention of criminal acts by the use or threat of punishment & may be either specific or general. Specific deterrence: focus on offender populations, primarily on the individual. General deterrence: things designed for all of us, deterrence of others, regardless of whether the individual criminal is deterred. Perceptual deterrence theory: concerned with how individuals respond to the perceived as opposed to objective cost properties of their criminal decisions.
