BSC 114 Chapter Notes - Chapter 10: Pyruvic Acid, Electrochemical Gradient, C4 Carbon Fixation

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The process that converts sunlight to chemical energy that is stored in sugar and other organic molecules is called photosynthesis. An organism acquires organic compounds in one of two ways: Autotrophs sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other living beings. Produce organic molecules from co2 and other inorganic raw materials obtained from the environment. Heterotrophs obtain their organic material by living off compounds produced by other organisms. Chloroplasts are found mainly in the cells of the mesophyll, the tissue in the interior of the leaf. Carbon dioxide enters and oxygen exits through the stomata. Stroma- dense fluid surrounded by two membranes of the chloroplast. Thylakoids- third membrane system, suspended in the stroma; holds chlorophyll. Photosynthetic equation has been known since the 1800s. 6co2 + 12h2o + light energy > c6h12o6 + 6o2 + 6h2o. Water appears on both sides because all 12 molecules of h2o are consumed and 6 new ones are formed.

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