PSY 322 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12: Behaviorism, Substance Dependence, Generalized Anxiety Disorder
ā¢Overview"
ā¢Abnormal Psychology - The study of people who suļ¬er from psychological disorders"
ā¢Deļ¬ning Abnormality"
ā¢Common Characteristics"
ā¢Harmful/disturbing to the individual"
ā¢Disturbing to others"
ā¢Not shared by many members of the population"
ā¢Does not make sense to the average person"
ā¢Insanity"
ā¢A legal term - purpose - to diļ¬erentiate between people who can be held responsible for
their crimes (the sane) and those with psychological disorders (the insane)"
ā¢Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders"
ā¢Provides a way for psychologists to diagnose patients"
ā¢Contains symptoms of all psychological disorders"
ā¢Doesnāt contain causes because diļ¬erent perspectives disagree"
ā¢most psychologists are eclectic"
ā¢accept/use ideas from many perspectives"
ā¢Categories of Disorders"
ā¢Internās Syndrome"
ā¢The tendency to see in oneself the characteristics of disorders about which one is
learning"
ā¢Not a psychological disorder"
ā¢Anxiety Disorders"
ā¢Phobias"
ā¢contact with feared object/situation results in anxiety"
ā¢speciļ¬c phobia"
ā¢an intense fear of an unwanted situation"
ā¢ex.$$ agoraphobia- open spaces"
ā¢arachnophobia- spiders"
ā¢social phobia: public embarrassment"
ā¢Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): constant, low level anxiety"
ā¢Panic disorder"
ā¢acute episodes of intense anxiety without any apparent provocation"
ā¢increase in frequency"
ā¢additional anxiety due to anticipating the anxiety attacks"
ā¢Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): persistent, unwanted thoughts cause you to feel
the need to engage in a particular action"
ā¢Post-traumatic stress disorder: ļ¬ashbacks/nightmares following your involvement in or
observation of an extremely troubling event"
ā¢Theoretical causes"
ā¢psychoanalytic: unresolved, unconscious conļ¬icts between the id, ego, and superego"
ā¢behaviorist"
ā¢conditioning"
ā¢cognitive learning"
ā¢cognitive - dysfunctional ways of thinking"
ā¢Somatoform Disorders: a person manifests a psychological problem through a physiological
problem"
ā¢Hypochondriasis"
ā¢frequent physical complaints for which doctors canāt locate the cause"
ā¢may believe that minor problems are indicative of severe
physical$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ illness"
ā¢Conversion: severe physical issue with no biological reason"
ā¢paralysis"
ā¢blindness"
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