BIL 250 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Hydrolysis, Kozak Consensus Sequence, Transferase
23 Sep 2016
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Translation: the conversion of mrna to an amino acid and polypeptide sequence. Components of an amino acid: amino group (nh3, carboxyl group (-coo-, hydrogen atom, r group (variable for each aa) Polar (hydrophilic) (6 of them) o (tyrosine, serine, threonine) targets for phosphorylation oh group. Non-polar (hates water) (9 of them: prevalent in cell membranes. A post-translational modification where amino acid is phosphorylated by protein kinase (a phosphate group is added) When a peptide bond is formed between polypeptides, water is lost :( This is known as a dehydration synthesis reaction. Four hierarchical levels of protein organization: primary- amino acid sequence, secondary- folds and twists into a chain, h bonds, tertiary- 3d shape of a single polypeptide, diff r groups, quaternary- many polypeptides in subunits. The genetic code is degenerate: more than one codon can make the same aa. My manz francis crick studied frameshift mutations in bacteriophage t4.
