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ECON 201 Chapter 12: AD-AS Model

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erinsea-lion256
11 Feb 2017
School
UW
Department
Economics
Course
ECON 201
Professor
Daisoon Kim

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Document Summary

Econ 201 chapter 12 ad-as model. Change in aggregate price affects purchasing power and wealth. Change in aggregate price affects purchasing power and interest rate. Ad curve and income-expenditure: as aggregate price level falls, ae planned rises, which raises rgdp. This is also reflected in the ad curve, which is down- sloping. Shifts of ad curve: changes in expectations, changes in wealth, size of existing stock of physical capital, fiscal policy (government spending and taxes, monetary policy (money supply) Producers decide on level of production based on profit. Sticky nominal wages (because of formal and informal agreements: this makes the sras curve upward sloping, since producers profit as aggregate price level increases due to sticky nominal wages, so they"ll produce more. Shifts of sras: changes in commodity prices, changes in nominal wages, changes in productivity. Note that with a change in aggregate price level, there will be a movement along the curve.

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Related Questions

10,A change in the price level​ ________ the AE curve and​ ________ the AD curve.
A.
​shifts; shifts
B.
has no effect​ on; results in a movement along
C.
results in a movement​ along; results in a movement along
D.
results in a movement​ along; shifts
E.
​shifts; results in a movement along

17,When the price level​ falls, the aggregate planned expenditure curve shifts​ ________, equilibrium expenditure​ ________ and there is a movement​ ________ along the aggregate demand curve.
A.
​upward; increases; upward
B.
​downward; decreases; downward
C.
​upward; decreases; downward
D.
​upward; increases; downward
E.
​downward; increases; upward

21,Which of the following increases the size of the expenditure​ multiplier?
A.
an increase in autonomous spending
B.
a decrease in the marginal propensity to consume
C.
a decrease in the marginal propensity to import
D.
an increase in the marginal income tax rate
E.
an increase in investment

23,If the quantity of real GDP demanded is greater than the quantity of real GDP​ supplied, then
A.
the price level falls and firms decrease production.
B.
aggregate demand changes to restore equilibrium.
C.
the economy must be producing at potential GDP.
D.
the price level falls to restore the macroeconomic equilibrium
E.
the price level rises and firms increase production.


24, ________ can trigger an expansion.
A.
Equality between aggregate expenditure and real GDP
B.
A decrease in induced expenditure
C.
A downward shift of the AE line
D.
An increase in autonomous expenditure
E.
A decrease in autonomous expenditure


1. Explain how the real balance effect works?

2. How will either the AD curve or SRAS curve shift as a result of each of the following changes:

A rise in the interest rate

An adverse supply shock

A rise in wealth

3. Explain what happens to U.S. net exports and U.S. aggregate demand as the dollar depreciates

4. Explain what happens to aggregate demand in each of the following cases: (a) The interest rate rises; (b) Wealth falls; (c) The dollar depreciates relative to foreign currencies; (d) Households expect lower prices in the future; (e) Business taxes rise.

5. Explain how expectations about future sales will affect investment.

6. Explain how each of the following can affect short-run aggregate supply: (a) An increase in wage rates; (b) A beneficial supply shock; (c) An increase in the productivity of labor; (d) A decrease in the price of a nonlabor resource (such as oil).

(a) An increase in SRAS that is greater than the increase in AD will lead to an increase in Real GDP and a fall in the price level.

(b) A decrease in AD that is greater than the increase in SRAS will lead to a fall in both the Real GDP and the price level.

(c) An increase in SRAS that is less than the increase in AD will lead to an increase in both the

1. Which of the following shifts aggregate demand to the right?
a. Congress reduces purchases of new weapons systems.
b. US exports increase.
c. The price level falls
d. New developments in IT increase the productivity of most manufacturing industries in the US.

2. Suppose the EPA introduces new smog regulation that makes it costlier to produce cars. As a result, aggregate supply falls (primary effect) and firms cut back on production. With less output in the economy available for consumers, consumers bid up the prices of available output. With higher prices, firms choose to produce more (secondary effect).
Which of the following best explains what the net effect on GDP?
a. The two effects should essentially cancel out, with little to no effect on GDP, but the price level clearly rises.
b. It is impossible to say what happens to GDP without being able to compare the magnitudes of the two effects.
c. Real GDP rises as the secondary effect dominates the primary effect.
d. Real GDP falls since the primary effect dominates the secondary effect.

3. A Keynesian economist who observes an output gap would conclude that
a. aggregate demand should be shifted to the right.
b. a policy of deregulation would be better than demand management policy
c. aggregate supply should be shifted to the right
d. All proposed answer options are correct

4. Monetarists believe
a. the Aggregate Supply curve is upward-sloping (but not vertical) over all time frames.
b. the Aggregate Supply curve can be treated as horizontal in the long run (over 10 years
c. the Aggregate Supply curve is vertical only in the very long run (over 20 years).
d. the Aggregate Supply curve can be treated as vertical in the short-to-medium run (1-2 years)

5. Suppose the price of oil increases due to conflict in the Middle East. How will this be illustrated in the AD-AS model?
a. The aggregate demand curve will shift to the left
b. The aggregate supply curve will shift to the left.
c. The aggregate demand curve will shift to the right
d. The aggregate supply curve will shift to the right

6. Assume a Keynesian AS curve. In the short run, when there is a large output gap
a. contractionary demand management policy is likely to be highly inflationary
b. expansionary demand management policy does not cause much inflation.
c. expansionary demand management policy is likely to be highly inflationary
d. the government should use contractionary demand management policy

7. As a result of Bush tax cuts that partially expired in January 2013, the marginal tax rates for some households increased and these households paid higher taxes. Which of the following would be the best description of the tax cut expiration?
a. Rightward shift in AS
b. Rightward shift in AD
c. Leftward shift in AD
d. Leftward shift in AS

8. Suppose that the U.S. government increases income taxes on individuals earning more than $500,000/year and uses the revenue from this tax increase to subsidize the cost of energy for businesses. How will this policy change affect the U.S. economy?
a. The effect on output is ambiguous but price level will decrease for sure
b. The effect on both output and price level is ambiguous.
c. The effect on price level is ambiguous but output will increase for sure
d. The effect on price level is ambiguous but output will decrease for sure

9. If Australia, which imports goods from the United States, went into recession, we would expect that U.S. net exports would
a. rise, making aggregate demand shift right.
b. rise, making aggregate demand shift left
c. fall, making aggregate demand shift left
d. fall, making aggregate demand shift right

10. Suppose that Greece decides to exit the European Union and the Euro Zone, causing a boost in business confidence in European markets. How would you illustrate the primary effect of Greece’s decision in the AD-AS model for the EU economy?

Note: for this question, assume that Y in the AD-AS model represents output (GDP) of EU member countries without Greece.
a. a shift in the aggregate supply curve to the left and a shift in the aggregate demand curve to the left
b. a shift in the aggregate demand curve to the right
c. a shift in the aggregate demand curve to the left
d. movement along the aggregate demand curve to the left

11. The Austrian school of thought believes that demand management policy should not be used because
a. big government prefers deregulation, which shifts aggregate supply
b. the economy is always at full employment
c. shifting AD to the right is likely to cause deflation
d. big government has a bias towards inflationary policy