LING 20 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Noam Chomsky, Universal Grammar, Onomatopoeia
- Linguistic Knowledge
- The fact that we may know something unconsciously is not unique to language
- Knowledge of the Sounds system
- Part of knowing a language means knowing what sounds are in that language
and what sounds are not.
- Knowing the sounds system of a language includes knowing which sounds may
start a word, end a word, and follow each other
- Knowledge of Words
- Sound symbolism: words whose pronunciation suggests their meanings.
(Onomatopoeic)
- The Creativity of Linguistic Knowledge
- Knowledge of a language enables you to combine sounds to form words, words
to form phrases, and phrases to form sentences.
- Noam Chomsky argued against the view that language is a set of learned
responses to stimuli.
- Knowledge of Sentences and Non Sentences
- Grammar: enable us to judge whether a sequence of words is a well-formed
sentence of our language or not.
- Knowing a language means knowing the sounds and meanings of many, it not all, of the
words of the language, and the rules for their combination - their grammar.
- Linguistics Knowledge and Performance
- Linguistic Competence: knowledge of words and grammar
- Linguistic Performance: how we use this knowledge in actual speech production
and comprehension
- Descriptive Grammar
- Grammar: the knowledge about units and rules in language
- Phonology: rules for combining sounds into words
- Morphology: rules for word formation
- Syntax: rules for combining words into phrases and phrases into
sentences
- Semantics: rules for assigning meaning
- The grammar along with a lexicon represents our linguistic competence
- Descriptive Grammar: describes basic linguistic knowledge
- a set of rules based on how language is actually used.
- Prescriptive Grammar
- a set of rules about language based on how people think language should be
used.
- There is right and wrong language
- Teaching Grammars
- Used to learn another language or dialect
- The meaning of a word is provided by a gloss - the parallel word in the student;s
native language
- Universal Grammar
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Document Summary
The fact that we may know something unconsciously is not unique to language. Part of knowing a language means knowing what sounds are in that language and what sounds are not. Knowing the sounds system of a language includes knowing which sounds may start a word, end a word, and follow each other. Sound symbolism: words whose pronunciation suggests their meanings. (onomatopoeic) Knowledge of a language enables you to combine sounds to form words, words to form phrases, and phrases to form sentences. Noam chomsky argued against the view that language is a set of learned responses to stimuli. Grammar: enable us to judge whether a sequence of words is a well-formed sentence of our language or not. Knowing a language means knowing the sounds and meanings of many, it not all, of the words of the language, and the rules for their combination - their grammar. Linguistic competence: knowledge of words and grammar.
