LIFESCI 2 Chapter Notes - Chapter 48: Distal Convoluted Tubule, Proximal Tubule, Extracellular Fluid
Document Summary
Tissue fluid and water balance: osmolarity of a solution is the moles of a osmotically active particles per liter of solvent, a 1 molar solution of glucose equals 1 osmolar. Excreting nitrogenous wastes: carbohydrates and lipids are excreated as carbon dioxide, proteins and nucleic acids are excreted as nitrogenous wastes. The renal system: regulates water volume, regulates ions concentration, excretes metabolic wastes. Urea, uric acid, and creatinine: removes foreign molecules, gluconeogenesis, releases hormones, organs. The nephron: nephrons can be cortical or juxtamedullary. Distal convoluted tubule: nephrons empty their contents into the collecting duct, nephrons are heavily vascularized, reabsorption. In the case of reabsorption, for example, a substance needs to cross multiple membranes to reach the blood. From the lumen of the nephron to the apical side of the epithelial cells of the nephron, then to basal side. From the basal side it has to cross the basement membrane to reach the interstitial fluid.
