AH 3121 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Endocytosis, Droopy, Diplopia
Document Summary
T cells are tolerized" to insulin in the thymus through negative selection. Insulin expression in the thymus is genetically determined. In individuals with low concentrations of insulin in the thymus, insulin-reactive t cells may be released. Chemicals or drugs that destroy insulin-producing cells: symptoms. Fatigue and weight loss: in unmanaged disease. Myasthenia gravis: autoimmune neuromuscular disease leading to intermittent muscle weakness and fatigue, impaired signaling from nerve to muscle across neuromuscular junction. Avery welch ah 3121 immunology week 9 chapter 9 notes 10/27/15 & 10/29/15: muscle weakness, especially after exercise, autoantibodies bind to acetylcholine receptors on muscle cells, endocytosis and degradation of receptors occurs. Even though acetylcholine is being produced, there are no receptors to receive it: muscle is less sensitive to nerve stimulation, symptoms. Death due to respiratory failure: 3:2 female to male ratio. Males affected in 50s and 60s: increased association with cancer of thymus (thyoma) and other autoimmune diseases, the thymus & myasthenia gravis.
