ANTH 5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12: Phenetics, Numerical Taxonomy, Cladistics
Document Summary
Classification schemes should reflect what happened during evolution. Classification based on order of branching is hierarchical. Hierarchical: more exclusive groups nested within larger, more inclusive groups. Cladistics = tools for creating phylogenetic classifications. Phenetic method: measures overall similarity w/o regard to ancestor-descendant relationships. Numerical taxonomy = tool used for creating phenetic classifications. Hybrid method: combines elements of phylogenetic/phenetic approach. Issue w phylogenetic method of classification: unable to see past branching. Cladistic methods help deduce order of branching. State: several possible versions of the feature. E. g. trait = tail, state = present/absence. Primitive similarity: present in common ancestor of entire group whose members you are trying to classify. Derived similarity: evolved since the common ancestor of that group. Methods to determine primitive v derived states. Assumes state that is present earlier in development is primitive. State that is present earlier in development is primitive. Justification: selection works in a cumulative way, layering new adaptations on older one.
