MCDB 1A Chapter Notes - Chapter 14: Proteolysis, Glycosylation, Aminoacyl-Trna
10 Oct 2016
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Document Summary
Observations in humans led to the proposal that genes determine enzymes. Archibald garrod = discovered enzymes as biological catalysts. Alkaptonuria black urine = disease most common in parents who were first cousins. First cousins share 1/8 of alleles, children might inherit a rare mutant allele from both parents. Phenotype caused by a recessive, mutant allele. One gene to one enzyme and coined inborn error of metabolism to describe genetically determined biochemical disease. Experiments on bread mold established genes determine enzymes. Model organisms = certain characteristics that make them attractive experimental subjects. Easy to grow in laboratory or greenhouse. Neurospora: ascomycete fungus, haploid for most of its life, no dominant or recessive alleles; All alleles are expressed phenotypically and are not masked by a heterozygous condition. Mutations = heritable alterations in the dna sequence. Powerful way to determine cause and effect in biology.
