ANTH 1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Nuclear Dna, Nitrogenous Base, Cytosine
Document Summary
3. 1 the cell: its role in producing life and producing variation. Prokaryotes: single-celled organisms with no nuclear membranes or organelles and with their genetic-material as a single strand in the cytoplasm. Eukaryotic: multi celled organisms that have a membrane-bound structure in eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material and specialized organelles. Nucleus: membrane-bound structure in a eukaryotic cell, contains genetic material. Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane that surrounds the nucleus & other material. Two types of eukaryotic cells: somatic cells (body cells): compost most tissues [bone,muscle,skin,lung, gametes: sex cells, sperm in males and ova. Root of cell production is in chromosomes (nucleus of each cell) Diploid: 46 chromosomes; full complement of paired chromosomes. Haploid: 23 chromosomes; single set of unpaired chromosomes. Genome: complete set of genetic information-chromosomal and mitochondrial dna- for an organism or species that represents all the inheritable traits. Homoplasmic: nuclear dna that is the same in every cell.
