MMW 13 Chapter Notes - Chapter Article Notes: Manumission, Soninke People, Almoravid Dynasty

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Mmw 13 textbook notes the trans-saharan trade & african kingdoms and empires, ca. Trans-saharan trade: north-south trade across the sahara. Camel important for travel: don"t need much water, 25 miles per day carrying 500 pounds, more efficient desert transportation. 5th century camel saddle: but a merchant usually walked and guided the camel on foot, powerful political and military advantage. Traveled at night when it was cooler. 700-900 network of trade routes developed across africa. Tuareg nomadic raiders liked to attack caravans: made agreements with them to avoid attacks. Stimulated gold mining: women also worked in the mines. Development of urban centers: muslims settling to create caravan routes, families acting as middlemen, agriculture stimulated, craft industries stimulated. Berbers introduced to islam and converted 8th century: trader berbers carried islam to sub-saharan west africa. Almoravids spreached in areas: fundamentalist berbers, rulers converted to protect themselves from berbers, and also liking the administrative techniques of the muslims.

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