BISC276 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Posterior Pituitary, Anterior Pituitary, Pituitary Gland
7 Mar 2018
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Hormones act on target cells by: o o o. Controlling transport of ions or molecules across cell membranes. Hormone= chemical secreted by a cell or group of cells into the blood for transport to a distant target, where it exerts its effect at very low concentrations. Growth factors= large group of substances that influence cell growth and division. Insulin= hormone with various effects o o o. Alters glucose transport proteins and enzymes for glucose metabolism. In liver- modulates enzyme activity but no direct effect on glucose transport proteins. Certain tissues and the brain= glucose metabolism independent on insulin. Hormones in the body o o o o o o o. Pineal gland= melatonin (circadian rhythms; immune function; antioxidant) (brain and other tissues) Hypothalamus= prolactin (breast-milk production); growth hormone (somatotropin) (liver and other tissues- growth factor secretion, growth and metabolism); Hormone (gonads- egg or sperm production; sex hormone production); thyrotropin (tsh) (thyroid gland- thyroid hormone synthesis); luteinizing hormone (gonads-
