WOMS202 Chapter Notes - Chapter 13: Islamic Revival, Mixed-Sex Education, Sough
1 May 2018
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Gendered states (government of the country)
● Malay did better, but inequality increased among them
○ When they became independent everyone got to vote, even woman
● Gender equality
○ Each gender has equal opportunities and rights without the other party
putting them down or discriminating
○
State Versus Islam-Malay Families, Women’s Bodies, and the Body Politic in Malaysia (british
colony)
1. What were the gender relations like in Sungwai Jawa before the Malaysia state began to
implement its New Economic Policy in the 1970s?
a. Men were losing land and had control over female sexuality became separable
from a crisis in Malay cultural identity.
b. Until the early 1970’s only kampung men sough migrant work; a few women,
usually divorcees or widows were compelled to earn wages outside the village as
rubber tappers or domestic servants.
c. Daughters given half shares of land as compared to getting equal land with sons;
mainly male inheritance
2. What kinds of changes did the government promote to “modernize” Malays? What were
the effects of these interventions on Malay gender relations?
a. Improvement of living conditions in the kampung coupled with a reduction in the
ability of most peasants to support their children by farming.
b. Welfare policies prepared kampung children for different places in the wider
economy- coeducational high school and free trade zone were set up
c. Family planning was implemented- emphasized nutrition and well-being while
strategically pushing fertility control- create “nuclear families”
d. The Deployment of Female Labor in Free Trade Zones- social engineering
redistributed the younger generations in new locations throughout the wider
society- thousands of female migrants collected in urban free trade zones,
working in labor intensive subsidiaries of transnational corporations
e. “Look East” policy- enforced discipline in modern institutions
3. What kinds of gender ideals and relations were promoted by the Islamic revival
movement?
a. Influx of women into modern schools and offices
b. A new “sacred architecture” of sexuality was being created, redrawing
boundaries between Malay men and women
c. Weakened male authorities over women- parents were torn between wanting
their daughters to work and being concerned about keeping their status
honorable
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