BSC 2010 Chapter Notes - Chapter 16: Binomial Nomenclature, Molecular Clock, Monophyly
19 Apr 2016
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Phylogeny- evolutionary history of life on earth: phylogenetic tree- diagrammatic reconstruction of that history. Can construct based on physical structures, behaviors, and genomes. Root- the common ancestor of all the organisms in the tree: lineage- series of ancestor and descendant populations, taxon- any group of species that we designate with a name. Clade- any taxon that consists of all the evolutionary descendants of a common ancestor. Sister species- two species that are each other"s closest relatives. Sister clades- two clades that are each other"s closest relatives. Systematics- the study and classification of biodiversity. Homologous- any features shared by two or more species that have been. Example: bird vs. bat wings: evolutionary reversal- a character may revert from a derived state back to, homoplasies- traits generated by convergent evolution and evolutionary an ancestral state. Ingroup- the group of organisms of primary interest in a phylogenetic study.
