MCB 3020 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Organotroph, Phototroph, Autotroph

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bluemouse986

20 May 2017

School

University of Florida

Department

Microbiology and Cell Science

Course

MCB 3020

Professor

Abdolkarim Asghari

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Document Summary

Nutritional types are defined by a source of an organism"s energy, electrons, and carbon. 2 source of energy available to organisms. Obtain energy from the oxidation of chemical compants. Reduced inorganic substances as their electron source. Organisms that uses reduced, preformed organic molecules as their. Organisms that use carbon dioxide as their sole/principal source of carbon. Organisms can be placed in one of five nutritional types based on: Use light energy and have co2 as their carbon source. Oxidize reduced inorganic compounds molecules to derive both energy and electrons for biosynthesis. Contribute to the chemical transformations of elements that occur in ecosystems. Use reduced organic compounds made by autotrophs as sources of energy, electrons and carbon. Same organic nutrient will satisfy the requirements. : yogurt, pickles, cheese medical products, and beverages. Fueling reactions convert energy, electron, and carbon sources into atp, reducing power, and precursor metabolites. Primary molecule used to conserve energy supplied by an energy.

Related Questions

1. Bacteria _______________ oxidize inorganic or organic chemical compounds to obtain their energy and _______________ derive their energy from sunlight.

2. If an organism uses CO2 as a carbon source it is _____________________, but if it extracts its carbon from organic compounds it is _____________________.

3. The vast majority of bacteria use ___________ _____________ as an energy source, _______________ ____________ as a carbon source and ____________ _____________ as a source of electrons and hydrogens because they are _________________________________.

4. If a bacterium that uses light and organic compounds to obtain its other nutrients is __________________________________, but if it uses light and CO2 as a carbon source it is ____________________________.

5. Fungi and most protozoa due to their C, energy and electron requirements are classified as _______________________________.

6. Bacteria that oxidize chemical compounds to obtain their energy and obtain their source of carbon and electrons from organic compounds say that they are ________________________.

7. Bacteria that oxidize inorganic chemical compounds to obtain their energy and electrons, but use CO2 as a carbon source are _______________________________.

8. Cyanobacteria are _________________________ because they use __________ as a source of energy, _____________ as a carbon source and _______________ as a source of electrons and hydrogen.

9. Nutrition in most bacteria occurs mainly by ___________________.

10. Most bacteria reproduce by _____________________, but some can be reproduced alternately by _______________ or ______________________.

Phototrophs need an electron source like H₂S orH₂O. Where do the electrons from these sources go?(Assume the organism is growing autotrophically as well astophototrophically.)

	O₂ and CO₂
	O₂ only
	CO₂ only
	Sulfate or oxygen
	Inorganic various molecules, depending on cellular needs.

Which of the following statements about chlorophyll istrue?

	It is a good electron acceptor in its oxidized form.
	It is a good electron donor in its reduced form when energizedby light.
	It contains magnesium.
	It is a tetrapyrrole.
	All of the above

The unifying feature of all photosynthetic organisms isa(n)

	electron transfer chain.
	electron donating system to generate NADPH.
	ATP-generating system.
	light-gathering system.
	All of the above

Evidence suggests that banded iron formations are due to

	chemical oxidation of reduced iron, Fe²⁺.
	aerobic reduction of insoluble ferric iron, Fe(OH)₃.
	anaerobic oxidation of soluble ferrous iron,Fe²⁺.
	Both a and b
	Both a and c

In addition to their ability to harvest light in the 400 to 500nm range, carotenoids also

	eject electrons from the reaction center.
	function as a tetrapyrrole.
	intercept toxic single-state oxygen.
	transfer electrons to ubiquinone.
	raise electrons to a higher energy state.

Ribosomal RNA and other cell features affirm that living cellsshould be divided into three groups called domains.

	True
	False

Microbes have started to evolve recently.

	True
	False

The ________ was essential for the evolution of oxygenicphotosynthesis.

	evolution of cyanobacteria
	development of photosystem I
	ability to extract electrons from CO₂
	ability to extract electrons from H₂O
	ability to use oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor

What do oxygenic phototrophs use as an electron source?

	Oxygen
	Sulfide
	Water
	Organic compounds
	CO₂

10.

Three domains of organisms have been established basedprimarily on size and other structural features of the cells.

	True
	False

fuchsiasea-lion54

All True orFalse

6.___ During the process of human fermentation the pyruvatemolecule produced at the end of glycolysis is converted into athree carbon molecule called ethyl alcohol while NAD+ is reduced toNADH and a CO2 molecule is released to the atmosphere.

7.___ The proton pumps of the inner membrane of themitochondrion are examples of integral transmembrane,active-transport carrier proteins.

8.___ Photosynthetic pigment molecules of plants are able torelease electrons to an ETC that are utilized to power the eventsof chemiosmosis.

9.__ Photoautotrophs (plants) use inorganic CO2 molecules astheir carbon source for building organic molecules and they usepigment molecules as their proximate source of electrons for theprocess of chemiosmosis.

10.__ The overall process of the TCA/CAC is exergonic with theproduction of ATP molecules and NADH/FADH2 all having stored energyderived from the reactants.

11.__ If a chemical reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme then thereactants will be able to initiate a chemical reaction withslightly more activation energy and the reaction would beclassified as an endergonic process if the products have lessenergy than the reactants.

12.__ The chemical reactions of glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle (TCAcycle), and oxidative phosphorylation, are all processes that canonly be performed when O2 is present (aerobic conditions).

13.___ Photophosphorylation is a type of chemiosmotic processand it possesses a key component of electron transport a finalelectron acceptor and in this case an organic molecule (FEA).

14.___ The pigment molecules, that make up a component of thechloroplasts of a plant, absorb light best in the green wavelengthsand that is why the plants appear so green.

15.___ Features in common for oxidative phosphorylation andphotophosphorylation are an electron source from dinucleotideelectron carrier molecules and an inorganic final electronacceptor.

16.___ In the metabolic pathways we discussed one would expectto find a number of points where allosteric enzymes are associatedwith positive feedback and/or negative feedback systems, and insome systems the allosteric enzyme is affected by both types ofregulatory molecules.

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MCB 3020 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Organotroph, Phototroph, Autotroph

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