HLT 1353 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Whole-Wheat Flour, Glycemic Index, Refined Grains

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Protein and carbs supply 4 calories per gram: alcohol supplies 7 calories per gram (about 0. 04 oz) Form muscles and bones and important parts of blood, enzymes, hormones, and cell membranes. Individual protein sources are complete if they supply all the essential amino acids in adequate amounts: meat, fish, poultry, eggs, milk, cheese, soy. Incomplete proteins have most essential amino acids but are low in one or more: nuts, legumes (beans, peas) 46 g for women; 56 g for men: most americans meet or exceed protein intake needed for adequate nutrition. Fats essential in small amounts: aka lipids, most concentrated source of energy. Stored fat = usable energy, insulation, support/cushioning for organs: major fuel for the body during rest and light activity. Food fats containing large amounts of saturated fatty acids or trans fatty acids are usually solid at room temperature and are found in animal products: red meats, butter, whole milk, cheese, palm and coconut oils.

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