ECON 121 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1-10: Marginal Product, Market Price, One Unit

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coffeemammoth624

6 Apr 2016

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An entertainment ilm uses and robots to produce a given number of dvd. Leing mpr denote the marginal product of robots, mpl the marginal products of workers (wage rate per worker- hour). Mpr is ten imes mpl, while pr is only double pr: the cost of producing one unit of dvd by using robots: Pr/mpr= /10= 2: the cost by using labor: Q= 1000 units: case 1: hire only labor, 1000 labor needed tc=1000(10)= 10,000. Case 2: hire only robot, 100 robots need tc= 100(20)= 2000. The ilm wants to minimize the total cost of producing the given number of dvds. So it should hire_____ robots and ______ workers. Cross-price elasicity= change q change p (another) (new-old/old) Example 1: k crunch and cheerios; price of k decreases by 20%; quanity of c decreases by 10% Example 2: milk and cereal; price of milk increases by 10%; quanity of cereal decreases by 8%

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Use the following information to answer the next 3 questions.

The total cost (TC) of producing output (Q) is: TC = 200 + 5Q

8. The fixed cost is

9. The marginal cost is 10. The average total cost is

11. If the wage rate is $20 per hour and the cost of capital is $25 per hour, then the slope of the isocost curve will be

a) 25/20

b) 1/25

c) 4/5

d) Â¼

12. The total cost of producing a given level of output is

a) Achieved when inferior goods are involved

b) Minimized when MP_k/P_k = MP_L/P_L

c) The two inputs are superior

d) All of the above

13. Say P_K =10 and P_L = 20 and the producerâs total budget is $100. What is the equation of the budget line?

a) PL + PK = 20

b) 100 = P_K + P_L

c) 100 = 20L + 10K

d) 100 = 10L + 5K

14. Deadweight loss refers to

a) Loss of consumer surplus because of government regulations

b) Losses due to labor unions

c) Net loss of consumer and producer surplus

d) Producers seeking excessive profits

15. An effective price ceiling causes a loss of

a) Both consumer and producer's surplus

b) Producer's surplus only

c) Neither producer nor consumer surplus

d) None of the above

16. Import tariffs generally result in

a) Higher domestic prices

b) Less consumer surplus

c) Higher producer surplus for domestic producers

d) All of the above

chocolatetiger708

A cost-minimizing firm has the following short-run production function:
Q=f (L,K)=72L+5L²-0.2L³

a) Briefly explain why this is a short-run production function.

b) At what level of employment would be diminishing returns set in for the variable input?

c) Fin the levels of employment that define stage two in the production process.

d)If the market-determined real wage rate is $20 determine the amount of labor a cost-minimizing firm would hire in order to minimize the total cost of production.

2) a) Briefly explain the concept of "Return to scale". What form of "Return toScale" does the following production function exhibit? Explain

b) Q=f(L,K)=L^0.3 K^0.7

Suppose a cost-minimizing firm wishes to change its scale of production and needs to know the combination of labor and capital to employ. If the first's total cost outlay is $14. Fin this combination using the information below and given that the prices of labor and capita are $1 and $3 per unit respectively.

Q= 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

TPI=0 11 20 28 35 41 45 46 46.5

TPK=0 24 45 63 78 87 93 96 97

where TPI AND TPK represent the total product of labor and total product of capital respectively.

3) Given the demand and supply schedules for semiconductors in a perfectly competitive market:

Q_d=60-10P+0.5I, Q_s=-10+4P-2C

Where I=average income of the demanders of this production

C=unit cost of the inputs used in the production of this commodity.

a) Find the expression for equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity transcended in this market.

b)Find the initial equilibrium and equilibrium quantity ifI=1000 and C=20

c) Determine the impact of an increase in income from 1000 to1200 on the initial equilibrium values.

d) Assume that an improvement in the technology of producing this commodity results in an increase in supply by a factor of 5, how will this development affect the initial equilibrium values?0

roseant382

PLEASE ANSWER ALL PARTS OF ALL QUESTIONS THOUROUGHLY (WILL GIVE GOOD RATING-THANKS)

A. Consider an entrepreneur who has decided to follow through on a business venture. He has quit his job where he was employed as a Medical Assistant earning $2,500 a month, and has decided to run this new business venture alone as the sole proprietor. He approaches a bank with his business idea and obtains a loan for the startup and purchases the equipment and machinery that he would need for the business including the purchase of a web address and design for his business, he also takes out a 2 year lease on a building and adjoining property, with paid utilities at an excellent location and contracts with suppliers to provide him with raw materials on a six month basis at discounted bulk purchase rates. His total fixed costs on a monthly basis for this venture, which includes his forgone earnings from his previous job, are $7,500.

He now needs to hire workers to operate the machines, handle orders etc. and he needs at least 5 workers to begin production. Having taking ECON 2020 while in college, he computes the total product function for his business, on a monthly basis, given the quantity of other resources he has, in the short run as follows:

Quantity of Labor (Number of workers)	Total Product (Output)
5	200
10	450
15	800
20	1100
25	1300
30	1400

1. First, assume no other information on the profitability of this venture, what is the implied 'profit' expected by the entrepreneur each month? Explain

2. Obtain the marginal physical product of this business, graph the function and provide an intuitive explanation for the shape of the function.

3. Now suppose each worker hired is paid $10/hr in wages and works 150 hours each month. Obtain the monthly total variable, total fixed and total cost functions for this business if it produces at the various output levels in the table above (i.e. fill out the table below, and show all necessary work below)

Output (Q)	Total Fixed Cost	Total Variable Cost	Total Cost
200
450
800
1100
1300
1400

4. The entrepreneur knows that his business is producing in an environment of perfect competition and as a result the market determined price after his entry into the business is $37.50 for each unit of the product that he sells. Determine the firm's monthly profit maximizing (or loss minimizing) output level , using the profit maximizing rule

5. From (4), is this firm making any excess (economic) profits in the short run? Explain. Compute the firm's monthly profits (or losses) at the profit maximizing output level

6. What should we expect to happen in the long run in this industry as a result of the correct answers given in part (5)? Explain.

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ECON 121 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1-10: Marginal Product, Market Price, One Unit

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