BSC1010C Chapter Notes - Chapter 8.1: Covalent Bond, Potential Energy, Thermodynamics
Document Summary
Two types of energy: kinetic- energy of motion. Ex: sound, thermal energy, electricity, and electromagnetic radiation: potential- energy stored in position or configuration. Ex: gravitational, electrical, chemical bonds or chemical gradients. *these energies are often transformed back and forth from one type to another they are never locked into one type. That change in potential energy has been transformed into thermal, sound, and kinetic energy equally; therefore, energy is neither created or destroyed, only transformed and transferred. In chemical reactions, the potential energy stored decreases when the products have shorter covalent bonds than the reactants. *these examples prove the first law of thermodynamics- energy is neither created or destroyed, but transformed and transferred into other types. *enthalpy- includes internal heat, volume, and pressure of its surroundings. Changes in enthalpy are measured by h (cid:894)p(cid:396)o(cid:374)ou(cid:374)(cid:272)ed (cid:862)delta h(cid:863)(cid:895) whi(cid:272)h is (cid:272)al(cid:272)ulated (cid:271)y the difference in potential energy.
