BIOL 1140 Chapter Notes - Chapter 13: Adipose Tissue, Melanin, Integumentary System
5 Jun 2018
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Human Biology Review Unit 13
Overview: The order and structure of human beings.
• Anatomy vs. Physiology
Anatomy—stud of a orgais’s structure
Physiology—study of the functions of organisms and their parts
• Order—for follows fuctio
Tissues
-groups of specialized cells that interact and provide a specific function
-can combine with other tissues to form organs
• Nervous
o Specialized to send and receive electrical and chemical signals and to store and
transmit information
o Neuron
• Muscle
o Consist of bundles of long cylindrical cells that are capable of contracting when
stimulated by nerve impulses
o Skeletal
• Striated tissue connected to bones by tendons
• Responsible for voluntary movements
o Cardiac
• Striated muscle that forms the contractile tissue of the heart
• Involuntary movements
o Smooth
• Unstriated muscle found in the walls of organs
• Involuntary movements
• Connective
• Tissues consisting of cells held in an abundant extra cellular matrix
• Supports organs and connects them to the rest of the body
o Extracellular matrix
▪ A web of protein and sugar fibers embedded in a liquid jelly or
solid that surrounds animal cells
o Fibrous
▪ Cells are suspended in a protein fiber network
• Collagen fibers
▪ Strong and semi flexible type of connective fiber
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• Elastic fibers—thin coiled connective fibers that can stretch without
breaking
▪ Loose
• Binds epithelial tissues to underlying tissues and
functions as packing material to hold organs in place
• Most widespread type
▪ Dense
• Contains large quantities of collagen fibers organized
into parallel bundles
• Attach muscle to bones and bones to each other
• Make up ligaments and tendons
• Special
▪ Cartilage
• Living cells embedded in a rubbery matrix of collagen
fibers
• Avascular
o Does not contain blood vessels
• Nearly impossible to heal if damaged
▪ Bone
• A network of collagen fibers made rigid by calcium and
salt deposits
• Vascular
▪ Blood
• Red and white blood cells suspended in plasma
• Important for transporting molecules
▪ Adipose
• Stores fat (lipids) in closely packed fat cells
• Stockpiles energy while padding and insulating the body
• Epithelial
• A sheet of tightly packed cells lining organs and cavities
• Only cells that interact with the external environment
• Continuously replenished through cell division due to damage from
environment
o Tight junctions
▪ Membrane proteins that form leak proof seals between cells
▪ Allow no materials through
o Adhesion junctions
▪ Anchor cells together but allow for flexibility of movement
▪ Found in skin tissue
▪ Allow gases and some liquid
Organs—consist of two or more interacting tissues that function as a single unit
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