BIOL 221 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Vertically Transmitted Infection, Plasmid, Chromosome
Document Summary
Bacteria = prokaryotes, dna not enclosed in membrane-bound nucleus. Genome of most bacteria = double stranded dna in form of closed circle. Extra dna = plasmids, smaller than main bacterial genome. Bacteriophages, phages = specific viruses that can parasitize bacteria. Virus can have dna or rna, don"t have own metabolism, must be propagated in cells of host organisms. Bacteria reproduces asexually by cell growth and division, one cell -> 2. > genomic dna replicates / partitioned into daughter cells (not mitosis) Bacteria reproduces sexually by uniting one complete chromosome + fragment of another. Conjugation = contact/ fusion of 2 different bacteria cells. After fusion, donor sometimes transfers genomic dna to recipient cell. > genomic dna = part/ all of bacterial genome or plasmids. Any genomic fragment transferred by whatever route can recombine with recipient"s chromosome after entry. Transformation = taking up a piece of dna from external environment and incorporating dna into own chromosome.
