CHEM 242 Chapter Notes - Chapter 23: Williamson Ether Synthesis, Furanose, Ketose

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*we can draw the alpha and beta anomers of most aldohexoses by remembering that the beta form of glucose (b-d-glucopyranose) has all its substituents in equatorial positions. To draw an alpha anomer, move the anomeric oh group to the axial position. *another way to remember the anomers is to notice that the anomeric hydroxyl group is trans to the terminal. Ch2oh group in the alpha anomer, but it is cis in the beta anomer. This rule works for all sugars, from both the d and l series, as well as for furanoses. 23-8: reactions of monosaccharides side reactions in base. *bromine water oxidizes the aldehyde group of an aldose to a carboxylic acid. *nitric acid is a stronger oxidizing agent than bromine water, oxidizing both the aldehyde group and the terminal ch2oh group of an aldose to carboxylic acid groups. *tollens test detects aldehydes, which react with tollens reagent to give carboxylate ions and metallic silver.

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