NURS 163 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Kyphosis, Autoimmune Disease, Articular Cartilage Damage
Joints: Study Guide 5 Answers
1. Three functional classifications of joints:
1. Sytnarthrosis: immovable (suture)
2. Amphiarthrosis: slightly movable (intervertebral)
3. Diarthrosis: freely movable (elbow)
2. Three structural classifications of joints:
1. Fibrous:
a. Articulating bones joined by bands of dense fibrous CT
b. No joint cavity
c. Movability determined by length of fibers
d. Mostly synarthrotic and amphiarthrotic
2. Cartilaginous:
a. Articulating bones connected by hyaline or fibrocartilage
b. No joint cavity
3. Synovial:
a. Freely movable joints
b. Joint cavity
c. Articular cartilage
d. Articular capsule
e. Synovial fluids
f. Ligaments
g. Articular discs
3. Three types of fibrous joints:
1. Suture:
a. EX: bones of skull
b. Articulating ends jagged, interlocking
c. Short, collagen fibers articulating, continuous w/ periosteum
d. Development:
i. Fontanel: membranous region, allows flexibility of skull in
birth, replaced w/bone
ii. Synostosis: suture joins
2. Syndesmosis:
a. Movement depending on fiber length
b. Articulating bones connected by band/sheet CT
c. EX: Ligament: band connects bone to bone
d. EX: interosseous membrane: sheet between bones, more movable
3. Gomphosis:
a. EX: tooth socket articulation
b. Connected by periodontal ligament: short CT fibers
c. Synarthrotic
d. Fibers lengthen/deteriorate= lose tooth
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
4. Two types of cartilaginous joints:
1. Synchondrosis:
a. Articulating bones connected by hyaline
b. Synarthrotic
c. TEMPORARY, hyaline eventually ossifies
d. EX: epiphyseal plates
e. EX: manubrium, 1st rib articulation
2. Symphysis:
a. Articulating surfaces covered by hyaline, fuses into fibrocartilage disc
b. EX: pubic Symphysis
c. EX: intervertebral articulation
d. Slightly movable (amphiarthrotic)
e. Function: shock absorption, compression
5-7. Structures of synovial joints:
A. Articular cartilage:
a. Thin hyaline cartilage @ articulating bone surfaces
b. No perichondrium=sponge: able to absorb synovial fluid during
relaxation, secretes during movement = nutrients for chondrocytes
c. Function: shock absorption, less friction
B. Joint cavity:
a. Small cavity filled w/ fluid
b. Function: limit friction
C. Articular capsule:
a. Encloses joint cavity, attaching from one bone to other
b. Fibrous capsule:
i. Outer layer
ii. Dense irregular CT
iii. Merges w/ periosteum
iv. Function: resist pulling/stretching, prevent dislocation,
protection
c. Synovial membrane:
i. Inner layer
ii. Areolar CT w/ many elastic fibers
iii. Covers joint capsule interior (excluding articulating cartilage)
iv. Function: secretes synovial fluid
d. Fatty pads: little adipose pockets between synovial membrane and
fibrous capsule for protection
D. Synovial fluid:
a. Viscous fluid
b. Water/solutes from blood filtration in synovial membrane
c. Warms w/ movement
d. Synovial cells secrete cells & some are macrophages
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
