BIO 352 Chapter Notes - Chapter 10: Thymine, Uracil, Pentose

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20 Jun 2018
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Chapter 10 Notes
To Be considered Genetic Material, must exhibit
oReplication
oStorage of information
oExpression of Information
Transcription of DNA
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
DNA makes RNA, which makes proteins
oVariation by mutation
Frederick Griffith
oThrough mouse experiments, found that live cells can convert into different cells.
This phenomenon was coined transformation.
oHendry Dawson found that transformation could occur in vitro (test tube)
oWhat molecule served as the transforming principle?
Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty said the transforming principle was DNA
Used treatments to ribonuclease (RNase) which was a RNA-
digesting enzyme to remove any remaining protein and RNA.
Chemical testing of their final product result with positive
reactions for DNA
Final confirmation the transforming principle was DNA came after
using deoxyribonuclease (Dnase) which destroyed the
transforming activity they were studying.
Hersey-Chase Experiment
oStudy of bacterium Escherichia coli and one of its infecting viruses bacteriophage
T2
Phage Life Cycle
Phage attached to bacteria wall
Phage injected genetic material ito bacterium
Phage reproductive cycle begins
Components accumulate and assembly of mature phages occur
Cell lysis occurs and new phages release
T2 Phage consists of approximately 50% protein and 50% DNA
Infection is initiated by adsorption of the phage by its tail fibers to the
bacterial wall
The production of new viruses occurs within the bacterial cell
oFound that the protein of the phage coat remained outside the host cell and is
not involved in directing the production of new phages.
oPhage DNA enters the host cell and directs phage reproduction, this provides
evidence that DNA is the molecule responsible for heredity.
Transfection Experiments
oProtoplasts: cells containing only the cell membrane as their outer boundary
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Document Summary

To be considered genetic material, must exhibit: replication, storage of information, expression of information. Dna makes rna, which makes proteins: variation by mutation. Frederick griffith: through mouse experiments, found that live cells can convert into different cells. Avery, macleod, and mccarty said the transforming principle was dna. Used treatments to ribonuclease (rnase) which was a rna- digesting enzyme to remove any remaining protein and rna. Chemical testing of their final product result with positive reactions for dna. Final confirmation the transforming principle was dna came after using deoxyribonuclease (dnase) which destroyed the transforming activity they were studying. Hersey-chase experiment: study of bacterium escherichia coli and one of its infecting viruses bacteriophage. Components accumulate and assembly of mature phages occur. T2 phage consists of approximately 50% protein and 50% dna. Infection is initiated by adsorption of the phage by its tail fibers to the bacterial wall. Transfection experiments: protoplasts: cells containing only the cell membrane as their outer boundary.

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