BIOL 2312 Chapter Notes - Chapter 51: Monoclonal Antibody, Basophil, Mast Cell

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14 Sep 2017

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Have cd8 on their surface: helper t cells (th) Have cd4 on their surface: in order to be activated they have to first recognize fragments bound to mhc proteins but there are 2 ways for them to be distinguished: 2. ) differing roles of t cells after activation. Mhc carries self and non-self information: the surface of most of the body cells are coated in mhc coded proteins called human leukocyte antigens (hlas) Act as self-markers that give t cells the ability to distinguish self vs non-self. Peptides bound to mhc proteins are derived from one"s own body cells. This is why t cells have to go through the selection process, because if they bind too strongly, then they attack the self. Cytotoxic t cells eliminate virally infected cells and tumor cells: tc cells recognized tumor and virally infected cells. The trcs of the tc notice peptides of endogenous antigens bound to mhc class 1 proteins.

Related Questions

1. Neutralizing antibodies are effective at preventing
infection or toxicity mediated by pathogens or their toxic products. In fact, nearly all vaccines currently in use function by eliciting neutralizing antibodies. The most important feature of a neutralizing antibody is:
A. Having a high degree of multi-valency, such as being a pentamer or hexamer of immunoglobulin monomers
B. Having high affinity for the antigen
C. Being present at a high concentration in the circulation
D. Being efficient at activating the complement cascade
E. Having a long half-life in the body

2. IgM antibodies are much more efficient than IgG at activating the complement cascade. However, under certain circumstances, IgG antibodies will activate the complement pathway. One example of a situation in which IgG binding to its antigen will
NOT trigger the complement cascade is when:
A. The IgG antibodies bind to a multivalent soluble antigen in solution, such as a polysaccharide structure shed from a bacterial pathogen.
B. The IgG antibodies bind to a viral capsid protein that is present in more than 100 copies on the viral particle surface.
C. The IgG antibodies bind to a bacterial surface by recognizing a repetitive polysaccharide component of the bacterial capsule.
D. The IgG antibodies are binding self-antigens such as chromatin released from dead cells.
E. The IgG antibodies are neutralizing a bacterial toxin protein by blocking the receptor-attachment site on the toxin.

3. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is an important effector mechanism in immunity to virus infections. This immune pathway has also been exploited for clinical applications. For instance, patients with
various disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis and some B cell lymphomas, are treated with an antibody directed at CD20, a surface receptor expressed on all B cells. This antibody leads to the depletion of B cells from the patients by the actions of:
A. Natural killer (NK) cells
B. Cytotoxic CD8 T cells
C. Cytotoxic CD4 T cells
D. Activated macrophages
E. The complement cascade membrane attack complex

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BIOL 2312 Chapter Notes - Chapter 51: Monoclonal Antibody, Basophil, Mast Cell

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