PSYC 101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 23: Brussels Sprout, Robert A. Rescorla, Observational Learning
Document Summary
Module 23: toda(cid:455)"s lea(cid:396)(cid:374)i(cid:374)g theo(cid:396)ists (cid:396)e(cid:272)og(cid:374)ize that lea(cid:396)(cid:374)i(cid:374)g is the p(cid:396)odu(cid:272)t of the i(cid:374)te(cid:396)a(cid:272)tio(cid:374) of biological, psychological, and social-cultural influences. Motivation, affected by presence of others: a(cid:374) a(cid:374)i(cid:373)al"s (cid:272)apa(cid:272)it(cid:455) fo(cid:396) (cid:272)o(cid:374)ditio(cid:374)i(cid:374)g is (cid:272)o(cid:374)st(cid:396)ai(cid:374)ed (cid:271)(cid:455) its (cid:271)iolog(cid:455) ea(cid:272)h spe(cid:272)ies" predispositions prepare it to learn the associations that enhance its survival. In one conditioned taste-aversion study, coyotes and wolves were tempted into eating sheep carcasses laced with a sickening poison. However, a pigeon would have a hard time learning to peck to avoid a shock, or to flap its wings to obtain food. Instinctive drift going back to their natural ways. Intrinsic motivation a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake: can be destroyed by excessive rewards. Organisms develop expectation that conditioned stimulus signals the arrival of unconditioned stimulus. Natural predispositions constrain what stimuli and responses can easily be associated. Organisms develop expectation that a response will be reinforced or punished; they also exhibit latent learning, without reinforcement.
