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BIO 1030 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4.1-4.3: Lipid Bilayer, Cell Membrane, Phospholipid

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tealmosquito433
29 Jan 2017
School
Wayne State University
Department
Biology
Course
BIO 1030
Professor
Dr.Robert Thomas

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Document Summary

A cell is the fundamental unit of life. Plasma membrane: all cells have an outer membrane, acts as the boundary between the outside and inside of the cell, acts as a gatekeeper regulating the passage of molecules and ions into and out of the cell. Functions of membrane proteins: channel proteins. Channel proteins form a tunnel across the entire membrane, allowing only one or few types of specific molecules to simply move across the membrane: transport proteins. Involved in the passage of molecules and ions through the membrane. Often combine with a substance and help it move across the membrane, with an input of energy: cell recognition proteins. Enable our bodies to distinguish between our own cells and the cells of other organisms. Without this pathogens would be to freely invade the body: receptor proteins. Has a shape that allows a specific molecule, called a signal molecule, to bind to it.

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Related Questions

During active transport in the neuron, the outside of the cell is _________________ and the inside is _______________.

positive, negative
more positive, less positive
more negative, less negative

negative, positive

In active transport, _____________ provides the energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient.

nucleus
potassium
sodium

adenosine triphosphate

________________ proteins can change shape when moving substances across the membrane.

Proteins that can be open or closed, based on different conditions, are called ___________.

bypass proteins
channel proteins
selective proteins

gated

Tunnels that allow charged ions to move easily across the plasma membrane without the use of energy are called ____________________.

channel proteins
glycolypipd proteins
phospholipid proteins

carbohydrate chains

____________ and ____________ make it easier for molecules to move across the plasma membrane.

small, negatively charged
small, positively charged
small, no charge
large, negatively charged
large, positively charged
channel
carrier
hydrophilic
hydrophobic
True or False? True False
1. Proteins rapidly pass artificial membrane (liposome).--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------( ) ( )
2. Amphiphatic detergent such as SDS spontaneously forms bilayer inwater. ------------------------------------------------------------( ) ( )
3. Cholesterol does have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail.-------------------------------------------------------------------------( ) ( )
4. Fat molecules are one of the major components of the plasmamembrane.------------------------------------------------------------- ( ) ()
5. Phospholipid molecules such as phosphatidylcholine spontaneouslyform bilayer. ----------------------------------------------------( ) ( )
6. Flippase facilitates lateral movement of phospholipids withinthe plane of the membrane.----------------------------------------- ( ) ( )
7. Glycolipids make bilayer less permeable to small water solublemolecules.----------------------------------------------------------- ( ) ()
8. Membrane inner leaflet is enriched with phosphatidylcholine,Sphingomyelin, and Glycolipid. -----------------------------------( ) ( )
9. Plasma membrane proteins can have an enzyme activity.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------( ) ( )
10. A single pass membrane protein must have an amphiphatic alphahelix.-------------------------------------------------------------- ( )( )
11. Plasma membrane proteins can be linked to a lipid molecule atthe outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. --------------------- ( )( )
12. The lateral motility of membrane proteins can be restricted bytight junctions.------------------------------------------------------ ( ) ()
13. Channel proteins have specific binding sites for ions and thusslower than carrier proteins.--------------------------------------- ( ) ( )
14. An antiport would function as a symport if its orientation inthe membrane were reversed. ---------------------------------------( ) ( )
15. A transmembrane pore can be formed by multiple amphipathicalpha helices. ----------------------------------------- ( ) ()
16. Porin proteins form water-filled channels in the outer membraneof a bacterium and are mostly composed of beta sheets. ---- ( ) ()
17. Glucose uniporters localize at the apical side of theintestinal epithelium.------------------------------------------------------------ ( ) ()
18. GAP junction is a selective pore for anions.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------( ) ( )
19. A voltage-gated Na+ channel adopts only two conformationstates: open and closed.----------------------------------------------- ( ) ( )
20. Voltage gated K+ channel opens faster than the Voltage gatedNa+ channels.-------------------------------------------------------- ( ) ()
21. Opening of chloride channel at the synapse will help to fire anaction potential.------------------------------------------------------ ( ) ()
22. The nuclear pore complex forms a gate through which moleculespass the nucleus uni-directionally. -------------------- ( ) ()
23. A completely folded protein is imported into a mitochondrionthrough a large non-selective pore.--------------------------------- ( ) ( )
24. ER signal sequence contains multiple lysine and arginineresidues.----------------------------------------------------------------------( ) ( )
25. The plasma membrane is a sorting station of inward endocyticpathway.---------------------------------------------------------------- () ( )
26. The trans Golgi functions as a sorting station of outwardsecretory pathway.----------------------------------------------------------- ( ) ()
27. Vesicles budding from ER are coated with Clathrin.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------( ) ( )
28. RabGTPases and tethering proteins are the major specificitydeterminant of vesicle transport system. --------------------------( ) ( )
29. v-SNARE proteins are one of the tethering proteins.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------( ) ( )
30. In secretory cells, the constitutive and regulatory pathways ofexocytosis diverge at the cis Golgi network. ------------------ ( )( )
31. Many proteins are posttranslationally glycosylated at tyrosineresidues in the ER.------------------------------------------------- ( ) ( )
32. Cells import LDL molecules exclusively through pinocytosis.-------------------------------------------------------------------------( ) ( )
33. Cells recycle LDL receptors from lysosome to the plasmamembrane.----------------------------------------------------------------- () ( )
34. Phagosomes fuse with late endosome.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------( ) ( )
35. Small vesicles from ER near the plasma membrane can fuse withthe plasma membrane upon bypassing Golgi apparatus. -- ( ) ()
36. If a Sec mutant showed an accumulation of newly synthesizedproteins at ER,
then the Sec gene is likely a component of vesicle-buddingmachinery of trans-Golgi network.------------------------------------ ( ) ( )
37. A signal recognition particle is a single pass trans-membraneprotein of the ER membrane.---------------------------------------- ( ) ( )
38. Typical animals cells display higher levels of intracellularsodium than extracellular compartments.------------------------------ ( ) ( )
39. Typical animals cells display higher levels of intracellularchloride than extracellular compartments.----------------------------- ( ) ( )
40. The Na-K Pump is a GTPase that can adopt active and inactiveconformational states.----------------------------------------------- ( ) ( )
1. Phospholipase
C-­-ß
produces
phosphatidylinositol
3,4,5-­-trisphosphate
and
diacylglycerol.
(
)
(
)
2. PDGF
activates
GPCR.
-­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­----­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­-
(
)
(
)
3. Rho
is
an
example
of
heterotrimeric
G
proteins.
-­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­----­--­--­--­--­--­-
(
)
(
)
4. All
members
of
the
G
protein
coupled
receptors
interact
with
small
GTPase
Ras.
-­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­-
(
)
(
)
5. Adrenaline
is
an
example
of
the
ligands
for
the
RPTK
family.
-­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­-
(
)
(
)
6. Ras
GEF
activates
RPTK.
-­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­----­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­-
(
)
(
)
7. PH
domain
containing
proteins
bind
to
activated
EGFR.
-­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­-
(
)
(
)
8. Ligands
for
GPCR
proteins
induce
dimerization
of
the
receptor.
-­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­-
(
)
(
)
9. Grb2
is
an
adaptor
protein
that
binds
to
a
phospho-­-tyrosine
residue
of
activated
RPTK
through
a
PH
domain.
-­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­----­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­-
(
)
(
)
10. When
a
cell
is
expressing
a
large
number
of
dominant
negative
EGFR
proteins,
an
introduction
of
a
constitutively
active
Ras
mutant
will
allow
EGF
signaling.
-­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­-
(
)
(
)
11. PI3K
generates
phosphatidylinositol
3,4,5-­-trisphosphate
from
IP3.
-­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­-
(
)
(
)
12. Calcium
inhibits
PKC.
-­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­----­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­-
(
)
(
)
13. cAMP
activates
PKA.
-­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­----­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­-
(
)
(
)
14. The
MAP
kinase
ERK
inhibits
MAP
kinase
kinases.
-­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­----­--­-
(
)
(
)
15. cAMP
is
an
example
of
a
first
messenger.
-­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­----­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­-
(
)
(
)
16. All
7-­-Transmembrane
receptors
are
G
Protein
Coupled
Receptors.
-­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­-
(
)
(
)
17. Both
Ga
and
Gß
subunits
of
the
heterotrimeric
G
protein
can
mediate
GPCR
signaling.
-­--­--­-
(
)
(
)
18. Both
Ga
and
Gß
subunits
of
the
heterotrimeric
G
protein
have
GTPase
activity.
-­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­--­-
(
)
(
)
19. The
Gas
subunit
of
the
heterotrimeric
G
protein
suppresses
the
function
of
Adenylyl
cylase.
(
)
(

1. The plasma membrane of liver cells contains a glucose uniportthat transports glucose by facilitated diffusion. When the[glucose] is higher inside the liver cell than the [glucose]outside the liver cell, the glucose uniport will

A. couple the transport of glucose out of the cell to thehydrolysis of ATP

B. couple the transport of glucose into the cell to thehydrolysis of ATP

C. switch to a closed conformation, allowing no transport ofglucose

D. transport glucose out of the cell by passive transport

E. transport glucose in of the cell by passive transport

2. Unlike the positive charged ion shown in the middle diagramof figure 11-4B, K+ is higher in concentration inside the cell. Howwill the membrane potential of a cell at rest (shown in both themiddle and right-hand diagrams of Figure 11-4B) affect theelectrochemical gradient for K+?

A. The membrane potential will increase the electrochemicalgradient

B. The membrane potential will decrease the electrochemicalgradient

C. The membrane potential will have no effect on theelectrochemical gradient

3. Which of the following proteins carries out activetransport?

A. gluclose symport

B. Bacteriorhodopsin

C. ABC transporter

D. NA K pump

E. All of the above

4. Aquaporin will not transport Na+ ions because

A. Two asparagine residues in the channel prevent the passage ofNa+ ions by binding the oxygen of each water molecule as it passesby

B. Na+ ions are repelled by the positive charges at the entranceto the channel

C. Na+ ions cannot make contact with the carbonyl (C=O) groupson all four sides of the channel

D. The passage of Na+ ions is energetically unfavorable becauseone side of the channel is hydrophobic in nature

5. The acetylcholine receptor is different from other channelproteins we have discussed, such as the K+ leak channel,because

A. The acetylcholine channel is composed of a single polypeptiderather than multiple subunits

B. The acetylcholine channel transports Na+ ions against theconcentration gradient for sodium

C. The acetylcholine channel has a much smaller diameter thanother channel proteins

D. The acetylcholine channel transports ions with theirassociated shell of water molecules

E. The acetylcholine channel is always open, and never switchesto a closed conformation

6. After opening briefly along the axon of a neuron,voltage-gated ion channels switch to an inactivated conformationthat slowly returns to the original closed conformation of theprotein. This slow change in conformation, requiring about amillisecond, is important because

A. all of the ions that were transported across the membranewhen the ion channels were open must be actively transported backto the other side of the membrane, restoring the originalconcentration gradient, before the ion channels can open again

B. ATP hydrolysis is necessary to drive this energeticallyunfavorable change in conformation

C. it prevents the action potential from reversing direction andtraveling back toward the cell body of the neuron

D. the channel protein must be dephosphorylated in order tocomplete the transport process and return to the originalnonphosphorylated conformation