BIOL 206 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6.5: Hydrolysis, Active Transport, Symporter

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amethystotter772

12 Mar 2017

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Transport: in many systems there is a difference concentration of a particular ion inside compared with the outside. In these cases the imbalance is maintained by a protein in the plasma membrane that moves the substance against its concentration gradient. Uniporter- moves a single substance in one direction. Ex: ca binding protein in plasma membrane transports ca2+ to locations where it is more highly concentrated either outside or inside of the cell,. Symporter- moves two substances in the same direction. Ex: symporter in cells that line intestine must bind na+ in addition to an amino acid in order to absorb. Antiporter- moves two substances in opposite direction one into the cell and one out of the cell. Instead its energy is supplied by an ion concertation gradient established by atp driven active transport. Secondary active transport uses the energy of atp indirectly in the form of a gradient.

Related Questions

QUESTION 1

Ion diffusion across plasma membrane needs

		a concentration gradient across the membrane
		specific transporters
		ATP
		provide extra energy for the transport

2 points

QUESTION 2

There are four types of large biological molecules

2 points

QUESTION 3

Active transporters transport substances across cell membrane against ____________

2 points

QUESTION 4

Which of the following is a nonpolar amino acid?

	1.	Valine
	2.	Serine
	3.	Aspartic acid
	4.	Glutamic acid

2 points

QUESTION 5

Membrane potential of a cell is created by:

	1.	sodium ion concentration difference between inside and outside of the cell
	2.	a difference in protein concentration across the cell membrane
	3.	an electrical potential difference between the intracellular fluid and the surrounding extracellular fluid
	4.	a difference between the potassium concentration inside and outside of the cell

2 points

QUESTION 6

A mutation resulted in a change from a valine to a glutamic acid in a peptide sequence. This mutation will NOT change the protein folding

True

False

2 points

QUESTION 7

Ions can be transported across plasma membrane by

	1.	diffusion
	2.	No need of transporters
	3.	osmosis
	4.	active transport

2 points

QUESTION 8

Phospholipid is composed of

	1.	A glycerol backbone
	2.	One protein group
	3.	One carbohydrate group
	4.	Two fatty acid chains and one phosphate group

2 points

QUESTION 9

Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells are similar in

	1.	Plasma membrane
	2.	nucleus
	3.	mechanism for protein translation
	4.	endoplasmic reticulum

2 points

QUESTION 10

Disulfide bonds are formed between two histidine residues

True

False

1,Match the descriptions to the type of transport.

- A. B. C.	Water enters a cell because it is hypertonic compared to the extracellular environment, increasing its turgor pressure
- A. B. C.	Water enters guard cells because the guard cells are hypertonic compared to the surrounding cells
- A. B. C.	Potassium ions are pumped into guard cells
- A. B. C.	The motor cells of a Venus fly trap are hypotonic compared to surrounding cells, causing water to leave the motor cells
- A. B. C.	Sugar is loaded into the phloem

A.	Both active and passive transport
B.	Passive Transport
C.	Active transport

2,Describe what is wrong with the following statement and explain why:

All prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain plasma membrane, nucleus, ribosomes, organelles, cytoplasm, and cell walls.

What is short-distance transport?

	a,	The movement of solutes from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration
		b,The movement of water, nutrients, and other substances between cells
c,		The movement of substances from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
d,		The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration.

What terms describe the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of high water concentration towards a region of low water concentration (and high solute concentration.)

What is found in the proptoplasm?

Cell wall, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, nucleus, and other cell organelles

Plasmodesmata, cell wall, and plasma membrane

Cell wall, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane

Cytoplasm, nucleus, and other cell organelles

The channels that allow nutrients and protoplasm to pass between plant cells are called _________________.

What happens when a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?

Water will enter the plant cell and the plasma membrane will swell and cell lysis will occur

Water will leave the plant cell and the plasma membrane will pull away from the cell and plasmolysis will occur

Water will enter the plant cell and the plasma membrane will swell and push against the cell wall

Water will leave the plant cell and the plant cell will lose turgor pressure, causing the plant to wilt

________________ transport uses cellular energy.

What molecules make plasma cell membranes hydrophilic on the outside and hydrophobic on the inside?

What type of cells do plants have?

		Bacterial
		Archaeic
		Eukaryotic
		Prokaryotic

1 Which of the following statements is false?

(a) CO₂ and O₂ can diffuse freely across the cell membranes.

(b) The differences in permeability between artificial lipid bilayers and cell membranes arise from variations in phospholipid content.

(d) Cells expend energy in the form of ATP hydrolysis to maintain ion concentrations that differ from those found outside the cell.

2 Cells use membranes to help maintain set ranges of ion concentrations inside and outside the cell. Which of the following ions is the most abundant inside a typical mammalian cell?

(a) Na⁺

(b) K⁺

(d) Cl^â

3 Pumps are transporters that are able to harness energy provided by other components in the cells and drive the movement of solutes across membranes, against their concentration gradient. This type of transport is called _____________.

(a) active transport.

(b) free diffusion.

(d) passive transport.

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BIOL 206 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6.5: Hydrolysis, Active Transport, Symporter

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