L41 BIOL 4810 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12: Coenzyme Q10, Membrane Lipids, Thermal Conductivity
17 Dec 2018
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Document Summary
Largely comprised of lipids and proteins with some carbohydrates. Regulate composition of cell by controlling flow in and out, e. g. gates, pumps. Soluble in organic solvents, sparingly soluble in water. Cofactors for enzymes, e. g. vitamin k, coenzyme q. First double bond typically between c9 and c10 from the carboxyl c. Polyunsaturated double bonds usually every third c atom. Usually not conjugated because this would lead to greater reactivity. Saturated are flexible due to free rotation around c-c bonds -- fully extended is most stable. Unsaturated pack in less ordered -- lower mp. Ester derived from 3 fatty acids and glycerol. Identity and placement of the fatty acid residues dictates properties. Less oxidized than carbs or proteins so release more energy upon oxidation. Provide 6x more energy than equal hydrated glycogen. Fat cells are specialized for synthesis and storage of triacylglycerols. Two fatty acids linked with first and second hydroxyl group of glycerol-3-phosphate.
