PHTY100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Iliac Crest, Iliac Fossa, Bone
ANAT101 LB
- By using anatomical position, any part of the body can be related to another
- mid-saggital plane = dividing exactly in half
- Any planes can divide exactly in half or not exactly in half
- Superior = closer to top of body
- Inferior = closer to bottom of body
- Used commonly in neurology and embryology:
oBenteral = anterior
oDorsal = posterior
- Trunk = midsection
- Arm = shoulder to elbow
- LEG = KNEE TO ANKLE (LIKES TO ASK IN EXAMS)
- Osteology = the study of the structure and function of the skeleton and bony
structures
- Bone cell is called an osteocyte
- Extracellular material = surrounding matrix made of collagen – collagen matrix
- Bone cell synthesis process:
oOsteogenic cell = stem cell
oDevelops into osteoblast matrix-synthesising cell responsible for bone
growth
oForms osteocyte mature bone cell that maintains the bone matrix
oOsteoclast = bone-resorbing cell mature cell used for bone remodelling
- Skeletal system is broken down into 2 components: axial skeleton and appendicular
skeleton
- Axial skeleton = bones in the middle
- Appendicular skeleton = bones that make up the limbs
- Clavicle, ___ = appendicular skeleton but are transitional, joining axial skeleton to
appendicular skeleton
- Functions of bone
oProtection from external forces eg. Vertebrae protects spinal cord, skull
protects brain
oEfficient performance of mechanical work acts as levers for movement
oWithstand and recover from tensile and compressive forces external forces
eg. Gravity and internal forces eg. Friction
oFramework
oProduction of red and white blood cells
oMineral storage especially calcium and phosphorus
- Bone is impregnated with crystal salts mainly calcium phosphate
- Collagen fibres that they attach too, they are very strong
- Protein-crystal combination with properties of both protein and crystal salt
- Arrangement of the bone tissue reflects function:
oWhere torsional stress (twisty force) is high – bone tissue arranged in tightly
packed with units called osteons
- Bone is not solid – lots of spaces for channels of nerves, etc
- Spongy bone tends to lie along shaft of bone – where there is a lot of torsional stress
- Osteons line themselves up longitudinal, parallel to the long axis of the bone
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Document Summary
By using anatomical position, any part of the body can be related to another. Mid-saggital plane = dividing exactly in half. Any planes can divide exactly in half or not exactly in half. Inferior = closer to bottom of body: benteral = anterior, dorsal = posterior. Leg = knee to ankle (likes to ask in exams) Osteology = the study of the structure and function of the skeleton and bony structures. Extracellular material = surrounding matrix made of collagen collagen matrix. Skeletal system is broken down into 2 components: axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. Appendicular skeleton = bones that make up the limbs. Clavicle, ___ = appendicular skeleton but are transitional, joining axial skeleton to appendicular skeleton. Bone is impregnated with crystal salts mainly calcium phosphate. Collagen fibres that they attach too, they are very strong. Protein-crystal combination with properties of both protein and crystal salt.
