BIOL10003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Candidatus, Convergent Evolution, Carl Linnaeus
10 Aug 2018
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Genus names italics, genus capitalised, species lowercase (cid:858)ho(cid:373)o sapie(cid:374)s(cid:859) homo = genus, sapiens = species. Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species (cid:858)candidatus genus species(cid:859) = a candidate for nomenclature. Taxonomy codes organisms from different codes can have the same name. Authority letter (e. g. l = linnaeus) or name of people or the person who named it. Cladogram is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. Cladistics is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups (clades) based on the most recent common ancestor. Parsimony is a principle that tells us to choose the simplest scientific explanation that fits the evidence. In terms of tree-building, that means that, all other things being equal, the best hypothesis is the one that requires the fewest evolutionary changes. Homologous traits have a common origin, but may be difficult to identify due to divergence. Analogous traits may result from convergence, called homoplasies.
