BIOL10004 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Decomposer, Mutation, Peptidoglycan
28 Jun 2018
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LECTURE 2 – PROKARYOTES: Bacteria & Archaea (domains) PRIMARY PRODUCERS
First inhabitants of Earth - prokaryotes
Earth’s atmosphere originally had no oxygen
oPhotosynthetic cyanobacteria changed this – release of free oxygen
Stromatolites originally lived underwater (protection from UV)
Formation of ozone layer
After nutrients underwater ran out – moved to land
Life above water began
Structure of prokaryotes
Cell wall: semi rigid, provides structural support
(cellulose)
oAntibiotics affect bacterial cell wall
Plasma membrane: semi permeable, control entry & exit
of products
oConsists of antibodies that protect the cell
DNA: simple double stranded loop, floats around (NO
NUCLEUS)
oNo separation mRNA can immediately attach to ribosomes
Cytoplasm: inner fluid matrix, components float in cytosol
Pili: hair projections
oAllow for exchange of DNA through the entirety of the cell
oaids in efficiency
Ribosomes: protein synthesis (mRNA)
oMore metabolically active cell = more ribosomes
Flagellum: whip-like structure
oAids in movement (propeller)
oNot all bacteria have this
Outer capsule: branched sugars important for virulent
oHow bacteria recognise each other + allows bacteria to infect a host
Resting spores “woken up” after millions of years are they immortal?
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Document Summary
Lecture 2 prokaryotes: bacteria & archaea (domains) primary producers. Earth"s atmosphere originally had no oxygen: photosynthetic cyanobacteria changed this release of free oxygen. After nutrients underwater ran out moved to land. Cell wall: semi rigid, provides structural support (cellulose: antibiotics affect bacterial cell wall. Plasma membrane: semi permeable, control entry & exit of products: consists of antibodies that protect the cell. Dna: simple double stranded loop, floats around (no. Nucleus: no separation mrna can immediately attach to ribosomes. Cytoplasm: inner fluid matrix, components float in cytosol. Pili: hair projections: allow for exchange of dna through the entirety of the cell, aids in efficiency. Ribosomes: protein synthesis (mrna: more metabolically active cell = more ribosomes. Flagellum: whip-like structure: aids in movement (propeller, not all bacteria have this. Outer capsule: branched sugars important for virulent: how bacteria recognise each other + allows bacteria to infect a host. Begins by anchoring the double stranded loop of dna onto plasma membrane.
