CAM101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Mycosis, Hypha, Mycelium

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jademoose588

11 Jun 2018

School

University of Tasmania

Department

CAM

Course

CAM101

Professor

Jack Sommers

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Learning Objectives

• The epidemiology, transmission and growth characteristics of some common human fungal

pathogens

• The basic clinical manifestations of some common fungal diseases of humans

• Some basic diagnostic techniques used in the detection of certain fungal infections

Fungi

• Eukaryotic organisms

o Some are unicellular (Yeast)

o Most are multicellular (Molds and mushrooms for example)

Yeast

• Round or oval cells

• Form smooth flat colonies on solid growth media

• Reproduce by budding

• Look similar to bacterial growth on agar plate

•

Molds

• Multicellular and composed of tubular structures called hyphae, which grow by branching and

longitudinal extension

• Growth typically appears fuzzy (Groups of hyphae called mycelia) on growth media

• Septate hypha have separated distinct cells

• Coenocytic hypha are no separated cells

Dimorphic

• Means the fungi can grow as yeast (single cells) and molds (hyphal-filamentous)

Fungal Infections

• Fungal diseases (or mycoses) grouped on route infection:

o Superficial

o Cutaneous

o Subcutaneous

o These are direct contact infections of the skin hair, and nails

• Systemic

o Infections that have spread to visceral tissues

• Opportunistic

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Document Summary

Learning objectives: the epidemiology, transmission and growth characteristics of some common human fungal pathogens, the basic clinical manifestations of some common fungal diseases of humans. Some basic diagnostic techniques used in the detection of certain fungal infections. Fungi: eukaryotic organisms, some are unicellular (yeast, most are multicellular (molds and mushrooms for example) Form smooth flat colonies on solid growth media: round or oval cells, reproduce by budding. Look similar to bacterial growth on agar plate. Molds: multicellular and composed of tubular structures called hyphae, which grow by branching and longitudinal extension, growth typically appears fuzzy (groups of hyphae called mycelia) on growth media, coenocytic hypha are no separated cells. Dimorphic: means the fungi can grow as yeast (single cells) and molds (hyphal-filamentous) Fungal diseases (or mycoses) grouped on route infection: superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous, these are direct contact infections of the skin hair, and nails.

Related Questions

Fungi Fungi are the great decomposers of the biosphere. Most plants form mycorrhizae with fungi to increase absorptive area without having to grow more roots, in this relationship fungi recieve carbohydrates from plants. Humans consume fungi, mushrooms, may use fungi as a source of drugs for blood pressure, antibiotics and immunosuppresive drugs. Fungi are used in biotechnology to produce fermetation products, and some have been very useful models to study gentics in eukaryotic cells that are unicellular such as yeasts. About one third of fungi may cause infections, mycoses, in plants, animals and humans. Fungi tolerate concentration of salt and sugar that plasmolyze bacteria in perserved foods exposed to air which contains fungal spores may germinate and may spoil food. Fungi have two body shapes, molds and yeasts. Mold are large and made of long filamentous hyphae. Hyphae form mats called mycelium ( plural is mycelia). Mycelia may extend for miles underground, making fungi the largest organism on earth. The visible portion of subterrean fungi are the fruitng bodies such as mushrooms. Yeasts are globular and unicellular. They may bud forming up 24 daughter cells from a single cell. When budding is incomplete it may produce a psuedohypa. Fungi that may exist in both body types are dimorphic fungi. In general, the yeast form of a dimorphic fungus is a pathogen, the filamentous form is not pathogenic. Examples are Histoplasmosis capsulatum (histoplasmosis) and Coccidiodes immitis (coccidioidomycosis). Fungi are saprobes, they absorb nutrients from the remains of dead plants or they lasso nematodes. Fungi may derive nutrients from a living plant utilizing haustoria which are modified hyphae that penetrate living plant tissue. Some fungi use melanin to absorb gamma rays which they convert to chemical energy. Some herbivores have fungi in thier gut microbiome to help digest plants. Zygomycota contains 1100 species and reproduces asexually through sporangiaspores, which form in a sac called a sporangium on a stalk called a sporangiaphore. An example is Nosema which is an obligate intracellular parasite in insects and honeybees. Ascomycota havd 32,000 species form haploid ascospores in sacs called ascus (asci plura) and reproduce asexually with condiospores which develop on the tips of hyphae on stalks called conidiophores. Examples are Claviceps purpurea, ergot, which grows on grain and causes abortions in cattle and hallucinations in humans. Penicillium the source of the first antibiotic discovered by Fleming in the 1940s. Saccharomyces, a facultative anaerobe, ferments sugar to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide gas and is used in baking and brewing. Neurospora was used as a model to study molecular biology, Beadle and Tatum established one gene one enzyme using this model organism.

14. Why are there more antibacterial drugs than antifungal drugs? Basidiomycota have fruiting bodies called basidiocarps. Basidiospores are dispersed by the wind and germinate in warm moist environments. An example is the pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans the leading cause of fungal meningitis

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CAM101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Mycosis, Hypha, Mycelium

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