BIOL 1F90 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: P700, Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate, Electrochemical Gradient

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12 Jan 2016

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Heterotrph (must eat food, organic molecules from their environment, to sustain life. Autotroph (make organic molecules from inorganic sources) cyanobacteria) Photoautotroph (use light as a source of energy; green plants, algae, Energy within light is captured and used to synthesize carbohydrates. Co2 is reduced; h2o is oxidized; energy from light drives this endergonic reaction. Co2 + h2o + light energy c6h12o6 + o2 + h2o. Biosphere- regions on the surface of the earth and in the atmosphere where living organisms exist. Largely driven by the photosynthetic power of green plants. Cycle where cells use organic molecules for energy and plants replenish those molecules using photosynthesis (plants also produce oxygen) Organelles in plants and algae that carry or photosynthesis. Majority of photosynthesis occurs in leaves in mesophyll. Stomata- carbon dioxide enters and oxygen exits leaf. Light reactions (uses light energy; takes place in thylakoid membranes; produces. Calvin cycle (occurs in stroma; uses atp and nadph to incorporate co2 into organic molecules)

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All True orFalse

6.___ During the process of human fermentation the pyruvatemolecule produced at the end of glycolysis is converted into athree carbon molecule called ethyl alcohol while NAD+ is reduced toNADH and a CO2 molecule is released to the atmosphere.

7.___ The proton pumps of the inner membrane of themitochondrion are examples of integral transmembrane,active-transport carrier proteins.

8.___ Photosynthetic pigment molecules of plants are able torelease electrons to an ETC that are utilized to power the eventsof chemiosmosis.

9.__ Photoautotrophs (plants) use inorganic CO2 molecules astheir carbon source for building organic molecules and they usepigment molecules as their proximate source of electrons for theprocess of chemiosmosis.

10.__ The overall process of the TCA/CAC is exergonic with theproduction of ATP molecules and NADH/FADH2 all having stored energyderived from the reactants.

11.__ If a chemical reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme then thereactants will be able to initiate a chemical reaction withslightly more activation energy and the reaction would beclassified as an endergonic process if the products have lessenergy than the reactants.

12.__ The chemical reactions of glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle (TCAcycle), and oxidative phosphorylation, are all processes that canonly be performed when O2 is present (aerobic conditions).

13.___ Photophosphorylation is a type of chemiosmotic processand it possesses a key component of electron transport a finalelectron acceptor and in this case an organic molecule (FEA).

14.___ The pigment molecules, that make up a component of thechloroplasts of a plant, absorb light best in the green wavelengthsand that is why the plants appear so green.

15.___ Features in common for oxidative phosphorylation andphotophosphorylation are an electron source from dinucleotideelectron carrier molecules and an inorganic final electronacceptor.

16.___ In the metabolic pathways we discussed one would expectto find a number of points where allosteric enzymes are associatedwith positive feedback and/or negative feedback systems, and insome systems the allosteric enzyme is affected by both types ofregulatory molecules.

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Chapter 6: How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

What is the difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?

What are the products of cellular respiration?

What does pyruvate do?

The conversion of CO2 and H2O into organic compounds using energy from light is called what?

If ATP accumulates in a cell, what happens?

A drug is tested in the laboratory and is found to create holes in both mitochondrial membranes. Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because the drug inhibits what?

As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of ________ ATP(s).

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?

The enzymes of the citric acid cycle are located in what?

Chapter 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

What is the name given to organisms that can make their own food and thus sustain themselves without consuming organic molecules derived from other organisms?

What is an example of a photoautotroph?

What is the origin of chloroplasts?

In the chloroplast, sugars are made in a compartment that is filled with a thick fluid called what?

The oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis comes from what?

What is the use and production of CO₂ in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Know the parts of the chloroplast. Which structure in the chloroplast represents the thylakoid membrane?

What molecules are reactants of photosynthesis?

What is the source of energy that provides the boost for electrons during photosynthesis?

Why are most plants green?

Chapter 8: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

What is called the creation of genetically identical offspring by a single parent, without the participation of sperm and egg?

How do eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes?

Prior to mitosis, each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures are called what?

Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase?

What occurs during interphase?

What is the process called by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells?

What is the phase of mitosis during which the mitotic spindle begins to form?

During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope re-form?

What feature of plant cell division distinguishes it from animal cell division?

What features likely accounts for the difference between plant and animal cell cytokinesis?

What must occur for a plant or animal to grow and develop normally?

Chapter 9: Patterns of Inheritance

Most genetic disorders of humans are caused by what type of alleles?

What is the difference between genotypes and phenotypes?

What are the individual features of all organisms?

What does the chromosome theory of inheritance state?

What is the normal complement of sex chromosomes in a human male?

The sex chromosome complement of a normal human female is what?

How many sex chromosomes are in a human gamete?

What is the gene located on a sex chromosome called?

Why are sex-linked conditions more common in men than in women?

Chapter 12: DNA Technology and Genomics

How long has Biotechnology been around?

What do restriction enzymes do?

What are "Sticky ends"?

What is the best definition of a genomic library?

What is a nucleic acid probe?

The only cells that can correctly attach sugars to proteins to form glycoprotein products are what?

How does a vaccine work?

What is the preferred name of the technique used to determine if DNA comes from a particular individual?

The polymerase chain reaction relies upon unusual, heat-resistant ________ that were isolated from bacteria living in hot springs.

Gel electrophoresis sorts DNA molecules on the basis of their what?

BIOL 1F90 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: P700, Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate, Electrochemical Gradient

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