PAT 20A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Loose Connective Tissue, Childhood Obesity, Adipocyte
4 Mar 2019
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Document Summary
What is obesity: excess body fat accumulation, results from an imbalance between energy consumed in (calories) and energy expanded (utilized, multiple organ-specific pathologic consequences, classified by body mass index (bmi) wt in kg/ht in square meters) Increased number of fat cells (adipocytes: overweight bmi =/> 25, obese bmi =/> 30. In canada (2009 2011), 2 out of 3 adults overweight or obese: global prevalence of childhood obesity rising dramatically. & mobilization of lipids: adipocytes synthesize & store fat as triglycerides (fatty acids & glycerol) from dietary fats & carbohydrates (cho). Anyone born with large numbers of adipocytes run risk of becoming obese: fully differentiated fat cells don"t divide but can increase in size (hypertrophy, as adipose tissue increase in size, their functionality can change (dysfunctional adipocytes) Stimulators: ghrelin released by empty stomach & small intestine, especially fasting, stimulates appetite, decreased blood glucose causes hunger.
