ECON101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Relative Price, Opportunity Cost, Divisor

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cerisechinchilla481

31 Oct 2018

School

University of Waterloo

Department

Economics

Course

ECON101

Professor

Fatma

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The budget line is a constraint on an individual"s (cid:272)hoi(cid:272)es. An individual can afford any point on their budget line or inside it. An individual cannot afford any point outside their budget line. Along the budget line: divisible goods can be bought in any quantity along the budget line. Indivisible goods must be bought in whole units at the points marked. The budget line can be described using a budget equation. The budget equation states that: expenditure = income. Call the price of pop pp, the quantity of pop qp, the price of a movie pm, the quantity of movies qm, and income y. Lisa"s (cid:271)udget e(cid:395)uatio(cid:374) is: pp (qp) + pm (qm) = y. A household"s (cid:396)eal income is the income expressed as a quantity of goods the household can afford to buy. A(cid:374) i(cid:374)dividual"s real income in terms of a good is the point on their budget line where it meets the y-axis.

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budget line

marginal utility

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substitution effect

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total effect

income effect

transitive property of preferences

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the marginal rate of substitution

utility function

1.	_____	The satisfaction or benefit that consumers receive from consuming goods or services.
2.	________________ _	A particular combination of specific quantities of goods or services
3.	________________ _	Consumers can rank all conceivable bundles of goods or services
4.	_____	If A is preferred to B, and B is preferred to C, then A is always preferred to C.
5.	_____	Equation showing a consumerâs perception of the total utility forthcoming from consuming each bundle of goods and services.
6.	_____	A set of consumption bundles each and every one of which provides a consumer with exactly the same level of total utility.
7.	_____	The number of units of Y that must be given up for total utility to remain the same when one more unit of X is consumed.
8.	_____	The addition to total utility attributable to consuming one more unit of a good, holding the consumption of all other goods constant.
9.	_____	The line showing all bundles of goods that can be purchased at given prices if the entire income is spent.
10.	_____	The change in the consumption of a good that would result if the consumer remained on the original indifference curve after the price of the good changes.
11.	_____	The change in consumption of goods results strictly from the change in purchasing power after the price of a good changes.
12.	________________ _	The sum of the substitution and income effects.
13.	_____	A good for which quantity demanded varies directly with price, causing an upward sloping demand curve.
14.	_____	A list of prices and the corresponding quantity consumers are willing and able to purchase at each price.

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1. __________, a term referring to the fact that for many good, as the level of production increases, the average cost of producing each individual unit declines.
a. Economies of scale
b. Specialization
c. Division of labor
d. Skill
2. Which of the following best characterizes the circular flow of income?
a. Household buy factors of production from business, and business buy goods and services from household
b. Business buy resources from the government, and household buy goods and services from business.
c. Businesses buy resources from households, and household use their income from the sale of resources to buy goods and services from businesses
d. The government purchases resources from businesses and households and then sells goods and services to businesses and households.
3. Philosophers draw a distinction between positive statements, which describe the world as it is, and _____________ which describe how the world should be.
a. Opportunity cost
b. Trade-off
c. Normative statement
d. Budget constraint

4. Scarcity implies that:
a. It is impossible to completely fulfill the unlimited human desire for goods and services with the limited resources available
b. Consumers are too poor to afford the goods and services available
c. At the current market price, consumers are willing to purchase more of a good than suppliers are willing to produce.
d. Consumers would be willing to purchase the same quantity of a good at a higher price.
5. The opportunity cost of an action.
a. Can be determined by considering both the benefits that flow from as well as the monetary costs incurred as a result of the action.
b. Can be determined by adding up the bills incurring as a result of the action
c. Can be objectively determined only by economist
d. Is a subjective valuation that can be determined only by the individual who chooses the action.
6.

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113. A production possibilities frontier shows the
A) the maximum attainable combinations of two goods that can beproduced with the available resources.
B) combinations of two goods that consumers desire most.
C)maximum output of two goods that can be produced with an unlimitedquantity of resources.
D) demand for two goods.

114. Being on the production possibilities frontier implies thatmore of one good can be produced only by
A) decreasing the quantity of the other good produced.
B)increasing the quantity of the other good produced.
C) lowering the price of the good.
D) raising the price of the good.
E) None Of The Above

116. An output combinationis technically efficient if
A) it is possible to produce more of all goods.
B) it is possible toproduce more of one good without producing less ofanother.
C) it is not possible to produce more of one good without producingless of another.
D) it is not possible to produce more of one good at any cost.

117. Suppose in an economysome resources are not utilized in their most productive use. Ifsociety decides that it wants more of onegood,
A) it will have to increase the quantity of resources in theeconomy.
B) it will have to give up production and consumption of some othergood.
C) it can only do so iftechnology advances.
D) it can achieve this without giving up another good by employingthe under-utilized resources. E) None Of TheAbove

118. In the productionpossibilities frontier framework, unemployment is representedby
A) an inward shift of thecurve.
B) a point located inside the curve.
C) a point located outside the curve.
D) a point located on the curve

119. Which of the followingwould not shift a nation's production possibilities frontier?
A) a liberal immigrationpolicy that welcomes foreign labor
B) an increase in a nation's capital stock
C) discovery of oil, a vital input in the production process
D) an increase in the general price level.

132. If the price of SUVswere to increase, we would expect:
A) the demand for gasoline to increase.
B) the demand for gasoline to decrease.
C) the supply of gasoline to increase.
D) the supply of gasoline to decrease.
E) both B and D to occur.

E) None Of TheAbove

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ECON101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Relative Price, Opportunity Cost, Divisor

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