PHA 3112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Angina Pectoris, Basal Metabolic Rate, Thyroid Adenoma
25 Mar 2017
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Document Summary
Htn, heart disease, renal failure, blindness, neuropathy, male impotence, amputations, stroke. Immune destruction of pancreatic beta cells: insulin levels reduced early, fall to zero later. Insulin resistance receptor ends up being unstimulated: reduced insulin levels. Symptoms: type 1 polyuria, polydipsia, polyphasic, weight loss. Hypoglycaemia: insulin dosage too high: levels exceed needs. Tachycardia, palpitations, sweating, confusion, drowsiness, fatigue, headache, convulsions, com, death. Macrovascular damage: cv disease, stroke > typically what kills people with diabetes. Bacteria loves sugar, immune system is destroyed small little scrapes, more injury prone. Maternal hyperglycemia fetal hyperinsulinemia adverse fetal effects: teratogenic / otherwise detrimental to fetus. Glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin a1c/hba1c): glucose in the blood sticks itself. Provides average glucose levels over the prior to 2-3 months. Drawbacks: increased hypoglycaemic episodes, weight gain, complexity, great patient motivation required, cost. Best younger adults/ recent-onset (i. e not cardiovascular) Deficiency of insulin (from beta cells in pancreas) Or cellular resistance" (failure to respond) to insulin: beta cell, secretes glucagon (opposes insulin)
