CHMB41H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Conjugate Acid, Reagent, Steric Effects
Document Summary
Alkyl halides are good substrates for doing substitution reactions. Bigger dalta g the slower the reaction. Rate depends on both substrate and nucleophile. This is why its important to have strong nucleophile making reaction faster. Also important to have carbon with less steric hindrance because nucleophile is being attacked from back it needs to be easily accessible: easy accessibility speeds up reaction, 1>2>3. Solvation separating the molecule into its ions and surrounding it with water molecules. In same row nucleophilicity increases from right to left. Nucleophile needs to be a strong electron donator so cant be an electronegative atom. In same column size and solvent: basicity and neucliophilicty parallel in a aprotic solvent, but in protic solvent with bigger size it will increase. Better solvents are aprotic solvents in sn2. Solvent shell is created around positive ion but negative one is not surrounded it is more free. S is too crowded for negative atom to come in.
