ANT100Y1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Ziggurat, Indus Valley Civilisation, Llama
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ANT100Y1 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary
At the end of the pleistocene (ice age; 12000 years ago) and beginning of holocene, environments were unstable changing rapidly. Sea levels rose, restricting the amount of available land. Climate changed from cold and dry to warm and wet. Eg from tundra to forests in europe; expansion and contraction of forests and grasslands in southwest asia. In many regions animals in large herds were replaced by more solitary species. These factors posed a great challenge to hunter-gatherers, leading to: Instead of relying on a few major food sources, especially big game, there is development of a greater reliance on multiple food sources. Often smaller-package foods (think as opposed to mammoths) and foods that required more specialized technologies to hunt, harvest or prepare (eg grains, nuts, fish, shellfish, birds, small mammals) Broad-spectrum collectors in some cases developed further, leading to: Agriculture: subsistence based on domesticated plants and animals.
