ANT100Y1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Ziggurat, Rachis, 4Th Millennium Bc
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ANT100Y1 Full Course Notes
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Topic 6: from food production to early states. At the end of the pleistocene (ice age) and beginning of holocene, environments were unstable and changing rapidly. Climate changed from cold and dry to warm and wet. E. g. , from tundra to forests in europe; expansion and contraction of forests and grasslands in southwest asia. In many regions animals in large herds were replaced by more solitary species - These factors posed a great challenge to hunter-gatherers, leading to: Broad-spectrum collecting: europe = mesolithic the americas = archaic. Instead of relying on a few major food sources, especially big game, development of a greater reliance on multiple food sources. Often smaller package foods (think rabbits as opposed to mammoths), and foods that required more specialized technologies to hunt, harvest, or prepare (e. g. , grains, nuts, fish, shellfish, birds, small mammals) Broad-spectrum collectors in some cases developed further, leading to: Agriculture: subsistence based on domesticated plants and animals.
