AST201H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Cygnus X-1, Event Horizon, Escape Velocity
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If you shrank the size of earth while keeping its mass the same means that the escape speed goes up. If you keep crushing the earth smaller and smaller then the escape speed reaches c (the speed of light) nothing can get away from the crushed earth. Any object with an escape speed of c or higher is a black hole. Even light can escape through the spacetime in a black hole. It is similar to falling in a bottomless well, no matter how hard you try to climb out. Black holes are spheres and look the same from every side. There is no top or bottom to the black holes. The short answer to the question does anything come out of black holes" is no, more often things go in and things do not come back out. Black holes are the simplest objects in the universe. All its mass in concentrated in the middle.