PSYC 1010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Latent Learning, Observational Learning, Learned Helplessness
Document Summary
Law of effect- actions followed by a pleasurable consequence will tend to be repeated. Responses followed by a negative consequence are weakened. Operant conditioning (instrumental conditioning)- a form of associative learning in which the consequences of behavior change the probability of the behavior"s consequences. Reinforcement- anything that increases the probability that a behavior will happen again. Punishment- a consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior. Primary reinforcers- food, water, sex (no learning need, naturally want them) Positive reinforcement- reinforce the response by adding something pleasurable. Negative reinforcement- reinforce the response by removal, escape, or avoidance of unpleasant stimulus. A form of operant conditioning in which small steps towards a goal are reinforced until the goal itself is reached. Successive approximation- small steps in behavior (one right after another) Generalization- association (same response to different situations) similar situations. Discrimination- how to know not to show same response in different situations.
