PSYC 1010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Operant Conditioning, Operant Conditioning Chamber, Reinforcement
Document Summary
Operant conditioning- skinner- behavior is modified by the consequences that follow a voluntary act. Organisms tend to repeat responses that are followed by favorable consequences. No concern re: mental processes or internal thoughts. All behaviors can be shaped via reinforcement or punishment. Thorndike"s law of effect- behavior with favorable consequences = repeat; behavior with unfavorable consequences = stops. Reinforcement- anything that increase the likelihood of a behavior (money, food, attention) differs from one individual to the next. Some reinforcers may not work all the time. Positive reinforcer- an event that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated (something given to increase behavior) Negative reinforcer- removing an unpleasant stimulus after a response (something taken away to increase behavior) Primary reinforcers- inherently reinforcing because it satisfies a basic biological need (food, water, access to sex, access to other members of species, etc. ) Secondary reinforcers- stimulus that becomes reinforcing because it satisfies learned needs good about accomplishments.
